How to Grow Starfish Flower

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Starfish Flower

Stapelia leendertziae

succulent

Stapelia leendertziae is a low-growing succulent native to South Africa, known for its striking star-shaped flowers with intricate patterns and a distinctive carrion scent that attracts flies for pollination. The plant produces thick, angular stems and blooms in summer with burgundy and pale yellow mottled petals. It is a fascinating addition to succulent collections for its unique appearance and fascinating adaptation.

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Example Starfish Flower timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Starfish Flower

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Starfish Flower

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Starfish Flower dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Bright indirect light or partial sun; 4-6 hours of sunlight daily. Avoid intense afternoon heat in very hot climates.
💧
Water: Water sparingly during growing season (spring-summer) when soil is completely dry. Reduce watering in fall and winter to minimal amounts. Overwatering is the primary cause of rot.
📏
Spacing: 12 inches
📅
Days to maturity: 2-3 years before first flowers
🌱
Planting depth: Plant crown at soil surface; do not bury the base

Soil

Type: Well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
Perlite or coarse sand (add 30-40% by volume) Gritty aggregate Avoid peat moss or heavy organic matter

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 10-11; grow indoors or in containers in cooler climates

10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

2-4 weeks

Young plant develops small, finger-like stems and establishes root system

Water sparingly until established; keep in bright indirect light; maintain warm temperatures (65-75°F); ensure excellent drainage

2

Vegetative Growth

6-12 months

Stems elongate and thicken; plant produces multiple new shoots forming a clustering habit

Allow soil to dry between waterings; provide bright light; maintain warmth; fertilize sparingly with diluted succulent fertilizer in growing season

3

Flowering Initiation

4-8 weeks

Stems mature and flower buds begin forming at the base or sides of mature stems

Ensure cool, slightly dry winter rest (50-60°F) to trigger blooming; reduce watering; provide bright light

4

Flowering

2-4 weeks per flower; continuous blooming possible

Star-shaped flowers with 5 petals emerge, displaying burgundy, cream, and mottled patterns; distinctive putrid smell attracts pollinators

Maintain warm temperatures; do not disturb flowers; provide good air circulation to prevent rot; the scent is intentional and indicates successful blooming

5

Post-Flowering & Seed Development

2-3 months

Flowers fade and may produce seed pods; plant enters dormancy or slower growth phase

Allow spent flowers to dry and fall naturally; reduce watering; provide cooler rest period; collect seed if desired for propagation

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Moisture-loving plants Tropical plants requiring frequent watering Plants intolerant of well-draining conditions

Common Pests

  • Increase humidity slightly; spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap; ensure good air circulation

  • Remove with cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol; spray with neem oil; isolate infected plant

  • Manually remove or treat with horticultural oil; repeat treatments every 7-10 days as needed

  • Improve drainage; reduce watering frequency; allow soil to dry completely between waterings; repot in fresh soil if severe

  • Remove affected stems with clean knife; allow cut to callus; improve air circulation and drainage; reduce humidity

Uses

🍳

Not typically edible

Culinary

Stapelia leendertziae is not a culinary plant and should not be consumed. It is grown exclusively for ornamental and botanical interest. [source]

🎨

Unique houseplant and collector's specimen

Craft

Prized by succulent collectors and plant enthusiasts for its remarkable star-shaped flowers and distinctive carrion scent mechanism. Makes an excellent conversation piece in container gardens and indoor plant collections. [source]

🏠

Low-maintenance indoor decoration

Household

Ideal for bright windowsills, shelves, and succulent arrangements requiring minimal water and care. Perfect for busy plant parents or beginners transitioning to succulents. [source]

🦋

Pollinator attraction through sapromyophily

Wildlife

The distinctive carrion scent attracts flies and other insects that typically pollinate rotting organic matter, demonstrating a fascinating evolutionary adaptation. Observing the pollination process is educational and remarkable. [source]

💊

Botanical research subject

Medicinal

While not widely used in traditional medicine, Stapelia species are studied for their unique biochemistry and specialized pollination mechanisms, contributing to botanical and ecological understanding. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Stapelia leendertziae is not harvested but rather enjoyed for its ornamental flowers. Allow flowers to bloom naturally and fall on their own. To collect seeds, wait for seed pods to mature and dry; seeds can be sown on well-draining succulent mix. For propagation, remove healthy stem cuttings, allow to callus for 1-2 weeks, then place on dry soil.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 The distinctive putrid smell of Stapelia leendertziae flowers mimics rotting flesh, earning it the common name 'Starfish Flower.' This scent is so convincing that it attracts carrion flies, which pollinate the flowers while searching for a place to lay their eggs.
  • 🌱 Stapelia flowers produce copious amounts of nectar and have elaborate patterns and textures that resemble decomposing meat under magnification, creating a multi-sensory deception to lure pollinators.
  • 🌱 The genus Stapelia is named after the 16th-century Dutch botanist Johannes Bodaeus van Stapel, and includes over 40 species, many with equally remarkable and foul-smelling flowers adapted to their native South African ecosystems.

Gardening Terms

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