How to Grow Stapelia species
Stapelia species
Stapelia spp.
succulentStapelia species are fascinating succulent plants native to southern Africa, known for their striking star-shaped flowers that often emit a foul smell resembling rotting flesh to attract carrion flies for pollination. These low-growing, clustering succulents have thick, angular stems with minimal leaves and produce large, intricate flowers in shades of red, brown, yellow, and purple. They are popular in succulent collections for their unique appearance and unusual fragrance.
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Example Stapelia species timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Stapelia species
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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Harvest Stapelia species
Late summer into fallBefore the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)
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Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Zones 9b-11; grow indoors or in containers in cooler climates
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Get my Stapelia species timeline →Growth Stages
Establishment
2-4 weeksNew plant settling into container; minimal growth
Keep mostly dry for first 1-2 weeks; avoid fertilizer; place in bright, indirect light
Vegetative Growth
Spring through early summer, 4-6 monthsStems elongate and new shoots emerge from base; plant appears as a clump of gray-green angular stems
Water sparingly when soil is dry; provide bright light; avoid frost; temperature 50-70°F optimal
Bud Formation
4-8 weeksSmall buds appear at the base or sides of stems, usually in late summer to early fall
Reduce watering further; ensure cool nights (45-55°F) to promote flowering; maintain bright light
Flowering
2-4 weeks per bloom cycleLarge star-shaped flowers open, often with textured petals in contrasting colors; strong carrion-like smell attracts flies
Do not move plant or disturb flowers; keep relatively dry; flower lifespan is 1-2 weeks
Dormancy
November through February, 4-6 monthsPlant slows or stops growth; flower production ceases; stems may appear slightly shriveled
Water very minimally or not at all; maintain cool temperatures (50-60°F); provide bright light; no fertilizer
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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Isolate plant; spray with 70% isopropyl alcohol on affected areas; use insecticidal soap if severe
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Remove by hand with cotton swab dipped in alcohol; improve air circulation
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Increase humidity slightly; spray with water; use neem oil if infestation is severe
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Remove plant from pot, trim affected roots, repot in fresh dry soil; adjust watering habits
Uses
Ornamental Succulent Display
HouseholdStapelia species are prized as unusual houseplants and outdoor container specimens in succulent gardens, rock gardens, and collections. Their unique star-shaped flowers and sculptural stems create striking focal points. [source]
Carrion Fly Pollination
WildlifeThe distinctive rotting-flesh scent of Stapelia flowers attracts carrion flies and beetles for pollination, making them fascinating examples of sapromyophily in plant-insect relationships. [source]
Botanical Collection & Education
CraftStapelia species are popular among succulent collectors and botanical educators as examples of remarkable plant adaptations and unusual evolutionary strategies for reproduction. [source]
Traditional African Use
MedicinalSome Stapelia species have been used in traditional southern African medicine, though scientific validation is limited; modern use is primarily ornamental. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
These plants are not harvested in the traditional sense; flowers can be admired on the plant and typically fall naturally. Collect seeds from dried seed pods if cross-pollination occurs; propagate by stem cuttings (allow to dry 5-7 days before planting in dry mix) or seeds.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 The smell of Stapelia flowers is often compared to rotting flesh or feces; some species are strong enough to cause nausea in humans, yet they attract specific flies that mistake them for carrion or dung for egg-laying.
- 🌱 Despite their foul odor, Stapelia flowers are strikingly beautiful with intricate textures, patterns, and colors ranging from deep burgundy to pale yellow, creating a stark contrast between their appealing appearance and repelling scent.
- 🌱 Stapelia was named after the 17th-century botanist Johannes Bodaeus van Stapel; some species can live for decades in cultivation with minimal care, making them excellent plants for neglectful gardeners.
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