How to Grow Tree Fern
iNaturalist
Tree Fern
Dicksonia antarctica
plantTree ferns are large, tropical to subtropical ferns that develop a distinctive trunk-like stem, resembling small trees and creating dramatic focal points in gardens. They feature large, feathery fronds that can reach 6-10 feet in length, providing lush, prehistoric-looking foliage. These ancient plants are ideal for creating tropical ambiance in shaded garden settings.
When should you plant Tree Fern in your zone?
Get a personalized planting timeline — when to start seeds, transplant, and harvest — based on your USDA zone and local frost dates. Free to start.
Example Tree Fern timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Tree Fern
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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Harvest Tree Fern
Late summer into fallBefore the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)
Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Tree Fern dates for your own zip code.
Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Thrives in zones 9b-11, prefers mild, moist climates
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Get my Tree Fern timeline →Growth Stages
Establishment
First 6-12 monthsYoung tree fern with minimal trunk development, primarily root establishment with fronds emerging from growing crown
Water frequently to keep soil consistently moist; provide afternoon shade; avoid transplanting once established; ensure good drainage to prevent rot
Trunk Development
1-3 yearsGradual trunk formation as the plant matures; fronds expand and accumulate; aerial roots develop along the trunk
Maintain consistent moisture; mulch heavily around base; do not remove aerial roots; provide sturdy support if needed in windy areas
Mature Growth
3+ years ongoingEstablished trunk 2-8 feet tall with crown of large, feathery fronds; full architectural form achieved
Water deeply during dry spells; mist foliage in hot or dry weather; prune dead or damaged fronds only; fertilize lightly in spring with balanced fertilizer
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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and
Hand-pick; use copper barriers or organic slug pellets; maintain dry nights when possible; remove garden debris
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Spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap; prune affected fronds; isolate infested plants
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Increase humidity by misting; spray with water to dislodge; use neem oil if severe; improve air circulation
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Prune affected fronds; scrub off manually; apply horticultural oil spray in winter months
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Ensure excellent drainage; avoid overwatering; improve soil aeration; apply fungicide if detected early; remove severely affected plants
Uses
Ornamental tropical landscaping
HouseholdTree ferns create dramatic focal points and tropical ambiance in gardens, courtyards, and conservatories. Their architectural form and lush canopy add instant sophistication to shaded garden spaces. [source]
Habitat creation
WildlifeTree ferns provide shelter and nesting sites for birds and beneficial insects in tropical gardens. The dense foliage and trunk structure create microhabitats for small creatures. [source]
Decorative fronds for arrangements
CraftHarvested fronds can be used in fresh or dried floral arrangements and decorative compositions. Tree fern fronds add height, texture, and tropical character to designs. [source]
Interior plant displays
HouseholdYoung tree ferns in pots can enhance conservatories, atriums, and large indoor spaces with humid environments. They create striking living sculptures indoors. [source]
Traditional herbal use
MedicinalSome tree fern species have been used in traditional Pacific and Australian indigenous medicine for various purposes. Modern research continues to explore their phytochemical properties. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
Tree ferns are grown ornamentally for foliage, not harvested. Remove dead, damaged, or diseased fronds at their base when needed. Avoid removing healthy fronds as they contribute to the plant's energy reserves and appearance.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 Tree ferns are living fossils, with ancestors dating back over 300 million years, making them far older than flowering plants
- 🌱 The trunk of a tree fern is not true wood but a dense mass of roots, allowing some species to be relatively lightweight and grow in shallow volcanic soils
- 🌱 Tree ferns in their native rainforest habitat can live for 100+ years and grow up to 50 feet tall, with individual specimens considered sacred in Māori culture
Gardening Terms
New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:
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