How to Grow Lincoln Bromegrass

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Lincoln Bromegrass

Bromus lincolnensis

grass

Lincoln Bromegrass is a perennial cool-season grass native to the Great Plains, valued for pasture, rangeland, and erosion control. It is highly drought-tolerant and cold-hardy, making it ideal for northern and semi-arid regions. The grass produces moderate to good forage quality with excellent stand persistence.

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Example Lincoln Bromegrass timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Lincoln Bromegrass

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Lincoln Bromegrass

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Lincoln Bromegrass dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 6+ hours daily; tolerates partial shade but performs best in full sun
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Water: Drought-tolerant once established; requires regular moisture during germination and establishment (6-8 weeks); minimal supplemental watering needed in semi-arid regions
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Spacing: Broadcast seeding typical; thin to 4-6 inches spacing for individual plants if row seeding inches
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Days to maturity: Seed heads emerge 60-90 days after spring growth begins; full establishment 1-2 years
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Planting depth: 0.25-0.5 inches; shallow seeding essential for germination

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy or clay loam soil; adapted to moderately saline and alkaline soils
pH: 6.0-8.0
Amendments:
Compost for organic matter improvement Lime if pH is below 6.0 Minimal amendments needed; highly adaptable

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 2-7, particularly well-suited to the northern Great Plains and transitional zones

2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a

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Growth Stages

1

Germination

1-2 weeks

Seeds sprout within 7-14 days under moist conditions; first leaves emerge as thin green shoots

Maintain consistent soil moisture; avoid soil crusting; protect from foot traffic

2

Seedling Establishment

4-6 weeks

Young plants develop tillers and a shallow root system; grass is 2-4 inches tall

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; avoid grazing; begin light irrigation reduction

3

Vegetative Growth

8-12 weeks after germination

Dense tiller development; plant reaches 6-12 inches; extensive root system develops

Reduce irrigation as drought tolerance develops; light grazing acceptable after 60+ days; monitor for weeds

4

Flowering & Seed Head Development

4-8 weeks

Seed heads emerge; plants reach 18-36 inches tall with distinctive panicles; flowering occurs in late spring to early summer

Restrict grazing to preserve seed development; allow full maturation if seed harvest desired; drought stress minimal impact

5

Dormancy & Winter Survival

4-6 months (seasonal)

Grass turns tan/brown; cold hardiness allows survival of extreme freezes; perennial crowns remain viable underground

Avoid heavy grazing in fall to preserve energy reserves; no supplemental care needed; monitor for winter damage

Companion Planting

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Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Smooth Bromegrass (different ecological niche; can hybridize) Incompatible cool-season grasses in dense seeding Avoid mixing with warm-season grass species in same pasture

Common Pests

  • Monitor for defoliation; rarely severe in rangeland settings; natural predators usually control populations; insecticide only if severe

  • Tolerate moderate populations; high numbers may require cultural control or insecticide in critical pastures

  • Rare in bromegrass; maintain plant vigor and adequate moisture to prevent stress

  • May appear in seed heads; remove affected plants if using for seed; usually not problematic in forage use

Uses

🍳

Livestock Forage

Culinary

Lincoln Bromegrass is a staple forage grass for cattle, sheep, and horses across the northern Great Plains. It provides nutritious, moderate-protein pasture and can be hayed for winter feed. [source]

🦋

Wildlife Habitat & Food

Wildlife

Seeds and plant structure provide food and cover for upland game birds, waterfowl, and grassland wildlife. Excellent for Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantings. [source]

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Erosion Control & Land Reclamation

Household

Deep, fibrous root system stabilizes soil on slopes, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Highly effective for mine reclamation and watershed protection in arid/semi-arid regions. [source]

🎨

Rangeland Management

Craft

Widely used in rangeland seeding programs to restore degraded grasslands and improve carrying capacity. Part of native prairie restoration initiatives across the Great Plains. [source]

Harvest Tips

For forage: Begin grazing when grass reaches 3-4 inches in spring; allow 3-4 weeks recovery between grazings. For seed: Harvest when seed heads are golden-brown and seeds shatter easily (late summer); cut and dry, then thresh. Allow at least one full season before first harvest to ensure strong establishment.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Lincoln Bromegrass was selected and released by the USDA in 1929, named after its breeding location in Lincoln, Nebraska, and has become a standard grass for Great Plains restoration.
  • 🌱 Its exceptional cold hardiness allows it to survive temperatures below -30°F, making it one of the hardiest cool-season perennial grasses available.
  • 🌱 Lincoln Bromegrass has a deep, fibrous root system that can extend 3-5 feet into the soil, enabling extraordinary drought tolerance and making it highly effective at preventing soil erosion and recharging groundwater in arid regions.

Gardening Terms

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