How to Grow Butter and Sugar Corn

Wikimedia Commons

Butter and Sugar Corn

Zea mays

vegetable

Butter and Sugar is a bicolor sweet corn variety featuring kernels that are a blend of yellow and white on the same cob. This popular heirloom variety produces medium-height stalks with ears that mature in mid-season, offering a creamy texture and exceptional sweetness. It's a favorite for fresh eating and has been a staple in home gardens since its introduction.

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Example Butter and Sugar Corn timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Butter and Sugar Corn

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Butter and Sugar Corn

    Around Jun 26

    ≈ 70 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Butter and Sugar Corn dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 6-8 hours daily minimum
💧
Water: Consistent moisture, 1-1.5 inches per week; water deeply at soil level to prevent fungal issues. Critical during pollination and kernel fill stages
📏
Spacing: 8-12 inches between plants in rows 30-36 inches apart inches
📅
Days to maturity: 70-90 days
🌱
Planting depth: 1-1.5 inches deep

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy soil rich in organic matter
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
Compost Well-rotted manure Balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) Calcium for kernel development

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 3-9, with best performance in zones 5-8

2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b

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Growth Stages

1

Seedling

10-14 days

Small shoots emerge with first and second leaves visible; plants 2-4 inches tall

Thin seedlings to proper spacing once they have true leaves. Ensure consistent moisture. Protect from birds and cutworms with row covers if needed

2

Vegetative/Leaf Development

20-30 days

Plants grow rapidly, developing multiple leaves and establishing strong root systems; 12-24 inches tall

Side-dress with nitrogen fertilizer when plants are knee-high. Keep consistently watered. Monitor for early pest damage and remove weeds regularly

3

Tasseling & Pollination

10-14 days

Male flowers (tassels) emerge from the top; female silks appear on developing ears. Plants 4-6 feet tall

Critical watering period—never allow soil to dry out. Avoid overhead watering during pollen shed. Ensure adequate spacing for air circulation

4

Kernel Development & Milk Stage

15-20 days

Ears fill out with developing kernels; silks begin to brown; kernels contain milky fluid when punctured

Continue deep watering. This is the most critical stage for kernel quality. Avoid nitrogen fertilizer at this stage to prevent extending the season

5

Harvest Maturity

5-7 days optimal harvest window

Kernels are plump and creamy; ears feel full when squeezed; silks have dried and turned dark brown

Harvest immediately when ears feel full and kernels are at milky stage for best sweetness. Do not wait for silks to be completely dry, as sugars begin converting to starch

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) Fennel Tomatoes

Common Pests

  • Apply Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) when silks first emerge and repeat every 3-5 days. Introduce parasitic wasps. Hand-pick larvae from ears

  • Remove infested plant stalks after harvest. Plant Bt corn varieties. Use pheromone traps to monitor populations

  • Spray with strong water stream. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for heavy infestations. Encourage natural predators like ladybugs

  • Maintain consistent moisture to prevent stress. Spray with water or miticide if severe. Remove heavily infested leaves

  • Apply Bt at first sign of damage. Hand-pick larvae. Remove plant debris that provides shelter

Uses

🍳

Fresh sweet corn

Culinary

Butter and Sugar is prized for fresh eating, boiling, grilling, or cutting kernels for salads and salsas. The bicolor kernels offer visual appeal and a perfect balance of sweetness and creamy texture. [source]

🍳

Corn on the cob

Culinary

Perfect for classic corn-on-the-cob preparation—boil, grill, or roast whole ears with butter and seasonings for a summer favorite. [source]

🍳

Freezing and preservation

Culinary

Blanch and freeze whole ears or kernels for winter use. Properly frozen Butter and Sugar corn retains much of its fresh flavor and sweetness for months. [source]

🏠

Cornmeal and flour

Household

While sweet corn is not ideal for grain, dried kernels can be ground into cornmeal for baking and cooking applications. [source]

🦋

Wildlife habitat

Wildlife

Corn stalks and cobs provide valuable food and shelter for birds, beneficial insects, and other wildlife. Leave some unharvested ears for wildlife. [source]

Harvest Tips

Harvest when ears feel full and kernels are at the milky stage—puncture a kernel with your fingernail; if milky fluid runs out, it's perfect. Ears should be harvested in the early morning when sugar content is highest. Twist and pull the ear firmly downward to separate from the stalk. Use immediately or refrigerate for best sweetness, as sugars convert to starch rapidly. Harvest every 2-3 days as ears mature

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Butter and Sugar is an heirloom variety developed in the 19th century and remains one of the most requested bicolor corn varieties for home gardeners due to its exceptional flavor and creamy texture.
  • 🌱 Sweet corn kernels contain up to 6 times more sugar than field corn, and this sugar rapidly converts to starch after harvest—ideally picked and eaten within hours for peak sweetness.
  • 🌱 The bicolor pattern occurs naturally when white and yellow kernel genes are both expressed; the specific ratio of yellow to white kernels varies slightly year to year based on pollination patterns.

Gardening Terms

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