How to Grow Bigelow's Salicornia

Bigelow's Salicornia

Salicornia bigelovii

vegetable

Bigelow's Salicornia, commonly known as pickleweed or glasswort, is a succulent halophytic (salt-loving) plant native to saline and alkaline wetlands of the southwestern United States. It produces jointed, fleshy green stems that turn reddish in cool weather and are harvested for their crunchy, salty texture. This plant thrives in highly saline conditions where most crops cannot grow, making it valuable for marginal land agriculture.

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Example Bigelow's Salicornia timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Bigelow's Salicornia

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Bigelow's Salicornia

    Around Jul 16

    ≈ 90 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Bigelow's Salicornia dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 8+ hours daily for optimal growth and flavor development
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Water: Moderate watering; drought-tolerant once established. Can be irrigated with saline or brackish water, making it ideal for salt-affected soils. Reduce watering in cooler months.
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Spacing: 12-18 inches between plants inches
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Days to maturity: 90-120 days from seed to harvestable size
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Planting depth: 0.25-0.5 inches; direct seed or start in containers and transplant

Soil

Type: Well-draining, sandy to loamy soil; tolerates saline and alkaline soils exceptionally well
pH: 7.0-8.5 (tolerates higher pH than most plants)
Amendments:
Salt-tolerant soil does not require amendments; actually thrives in salty conditions

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 8b-11, prefers warm climates and can tolerate salt stress

8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a

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Growth Stages

1

Seedling

3-4 weeks

Small fleshy cotyledons emerge; plant resembles tiny green twigs

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; provide bright light; thin seedlings to proper spacing

2

Vegetative Growth

4-6 weeks

Bushy plant develops multiple jointed, segmented stems; color is bright green; plant becomes increasingly succulent

Water moderately; no fertilization needed in saline soils; pinch growing tips for bushier growth if desired

3

Stem Development

3-4 weeks

Main stems elongate and branch; internodes lengthen; plant becomes more upright; foliage remains tender and edible

Maintain consistent watering; allow plant to mature for tender stem production; reduce nitrogen input

4

Maturity & Color Change

2-4 weeks

Stems reach full size; color may shift to red or purple tones in cooler weather or at maturity; small flowers may appear at stem tips

Continue moderate watering; harvest before flowering for best texture and flavor; cooler temperatures enhance reddish coloration

5

Harvest

Continuous harvest period of 3-6 weeks

Stems are full-sized, tender, and at peak succulence; color is vivid (green or red depending on temperature)

Harvest by cutting or snapping stems; can harvest continuously by picking young stems; remove flower buds to extend harvest

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Most conventional vegetables (which cannot tolerate high salt) Freshwater-dependent crops

Common Pests

  • Spray with water or neem oil; increase humidity; maintain good air circulation

  • Hand-pick; generally not a serious problem; encourage beneficial insects

  • Yellow sticky traps; neem oil spray; manage with water spray

Uses

🍳

Pickled & Fresh Preparations

Culinary

The fleshy stems are crunchy and naturally salty, making them excellent for pickling, stir-frying, or eating raw as a vegetable snack. They require no added salt due to their inherent salinity and are used in Mediterranean and Asian cuisines. [source]

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Gourmet Garnish

Culinary

High-end restaurants use Salicornia as an elegant, crunchy garnish and side dish for seafood and contemporary cuisine. Its unique salty flavor profile complements fish and shellfish particularly well. [source]

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Agricultural Remediation

Household

Bigelow's Salicornia can be grown on saline and alkaline wasteland unsuitable for conventional agriculture, potentially improving soil conditions while producing a valuable crop. This makes it valuable for salt-affected land reclamation. [source]

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Nutritional Supplement Source

Medicinal

The plant is rich in minerals, particularly sodium and iodine, and contains beneficial compounds including antioxidants. It has been used in traditional preparations for mineral supplementation and general wellness. [source]

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Native Habitat Restoration

Wildlife

As a native plant of southwestern salt marshes and wetlands, Salicornia bigelovii provides food and habitat for waterfowl, salt marsh insects, and other wildlife. It helps restore ecological balance in degraded salt marsh ecosystems. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest when stems are 4-6 inches long and still tender, typically 90-120 days after planting. Cut or snap individual stem segments just above a joint. Regular harvesting encourages continued production. Peak quality occurs in cool weather when stems are still green and crispy. Avoid harvesting after flowers appear, as stems become tougher. Can be harvested continuously throughout the growing season.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Bigelow's Salicornia actively absorbs salt from the soil and concentrates it in its tissues, making it one of the few crops that actually improves in flavor in salty conditions where most plants would die.
  • 🌱 The plant's jointed, segmented stems contain specialized salt-excreting glands (salt bladders) that allow it to manage excess salt accumulation—a remarkable adaptation to extreme saline environments.
  • 🌱 Salicornia has been cultivated experimentally on coastal saline lands worldwide and could be a climate-resilient crop as sea levels rise and soil salinization increases, offering food production on otherwise unusable land.

Gardening Terms

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