How to Grow ʻAka ʻAka
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ʻAka ʻAka
Metrosideros polymorpha
treeʻAka ʻAka, also known as ʻōhiʻa lehua, is a native Hawaiian tree that produces striking crimson, orange, yellow, or pink flowers. It is a vital component of Hawaiian ecosystems and is culturally significant in Hawaiian traditions. The tree is highly adaptable, growing from sea level to high elevations, and serves as a crucial nurse plant for forest regeneration.
When should you plant ʻAka ʻAka in your zone?
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Example ʻAka ʻAka timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant ʻAka ʻAka
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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Harvest ʻAka ʻAka
Late summer into fallBefore the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)
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Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Thrives in USDA zones 10-13; best performance in tropical and subtropical climates with high humidity
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Seedling
4-8 weeksTiny seedlings emerge with cotyledons (seed leaves) and develop their first true leaves within 2-4 weeks
Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Provide bright, indirect light. Protect from direct sun until 3-4 weeks old.
Juvenile Growth
1-3 yearsYoung plant develops multiple stems and leafy branching. Foliage is lush and green; no flowers present yet.
Gradually acclimate to full sun. Ensure good drainage. Prune to encourage bushier growth if desired. Water regularly during dry periods.
Pre-flowering
6-12 months before first bloomTree reaches reproductive maturity with thickened trunk and established canopy. Flower buds may begin to form on branch terminals.
Maintain consistent watering. Apply balanced fertilizer in spring. Ensure full sun exposure to promote flowering.
Flowering
2-4 months per flowering cycle; may flower multiple times yearlySpectacular clusters of brilliant flowers (ʻapapane-red, orange, yellow, or pink) appear on branch tips. Flowers attract native Hawaiian birds.
Maintain regular watering to support flower production. Do not over-fertilize with nitrogen, which favors foliage over flowers.
Mature/Established
Ongoing; lifespan 100+ yearsFully grown tree with thick trunk, dense canopy, and regular flowering. Produces small seed capsules after flowers fade.
Prune to maintain shape and remove dead wood. Minimal fertilizer needed. Water during extended dry periods. Protect from strong winds.
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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Monitor foliage; spray with horticultural oil or neem oil in early morning or late evening; encourage natural predators
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Remove affected branches; apply insecticidal soap or neem oil; ensure good air circulation
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Improve soil drainage; avoid overhead watering; apply fungicide if severe; remove infected plant material
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Plant in well-draining soil; maintain tree vigor with proper watering and care; sterilize tools between trees; monitor for wilting and leaf discoloration; consult local extension for quarantine guidelines in infected areas
Uses
Lei and Ceremonial Use
CulturalThe brilliant flowers of ʻōhiʻa lehua are sacred in Hawaiian culture and traditionally used in lei-making for hula, hōkū (ceremonies), and honoring important occasions. The red flowers are particularly valued as they symbolize the volcano goddess Pele. [source]
Native Bird Habitat
WildlifeʻAka ʻAka flowers provide essential nectar for endemic Hawaiian honeycreepers, particularly the ʻapapane (Himatione sanguinea) and amakihi species. The tree supports Hawaiian forest ecosystem health and bird conservation. [source]
Traditional Hawaiian Medicine
MedicinalIn traditional Hawaiian medicine (lāʻau lapaʻau), various parts of ʻōhiʻa lehua, including leaves, bark, and flowers, have been used to treat ailments and support wellness practices for centuries. [source]
Reforestation and Ecosystem Restoration
EnvironmentalʻAka ʻāka is a pioneer species crucial for restoring degraded Hawaiian forests, lava flows, and erosion-prone areas. It stabilizes slopes, enriches soil, and creates habitat for other native species. [source]
Ornamental Landscape Tree
HouseholdWith its stunning flowers, adaptability to diverse conditions, and cultural significance, ʻōhiʻa lehua is a prized ornamental tree in tropical and subtropical gardens throughout Hawaii and the Pacific. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
ʻAka ʻAka is not typically harvested for food. If collecting seeds for propagation, gather seed capsules after flowers fade (4-6 months post-flowering). Allow capsules to dry on the tree, then collect and store in cool, dry conditions. Flowers may be harvested for lei making at dawn when fresh.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 ʻAka ʻāka is the official flower of the Big Island (Hawaii) and holds profound cultural significance; Hawaiian tradition warns against picking ʻōhiʻa flowers without proper respect or permission, as it may invoke Pele's anger.
- 🌱 The tree exhibits remarkable polymorphism—individuals can have flowers in red, orange, yellow, pink, or white, and leaves can vary dramatically in shape and size depending on elevation and environmental conditions.
- 🌱 ʻOhiʻa lehua is one of the first plants to colonize fresh lava flows, earning it the nickname 'nurse plant' for its role in breaking down lava rock, enriching soil, and creating conditions for other species to establish.
Gardening Terms
New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:
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