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Calendula

Calendula

Calendula officinalis

flower

Calendula, also known as pot marigold, is a cheerful annual or short-lived perennial with bright orange and yellow daisy-like flowers. This hardy, easy-to-grow plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and culinary applications. It thrives in cool to moderate climates and self-seeds readily, making it a favorite in cottage gardens.

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Growing Conditions

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Sun: Full sun, 6-8 hours daily; tolerates partial shade
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Water: Moderate water needs; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water at soil level to prevent powdery mildew. Drought-tolerant once established.
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Spacing: 9-12 inches
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Days to maturity: 40-50 days to first flowers; continuous bloom until frost
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Planting depth: 1/4 inch; seeds can also be surface-sown

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy or sandy soil
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Compost Peat moss or coconut coir for moisture retention Perlite for drainage if soil is heavy

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 2-10; performs best in cooler zones 2-7 as a cool-season annual

2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a

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Growth Stages

1

Germination & Seedling

2-3 weeks

Tiny seedlings with two cotyledons emerge within 7-10 days. True leaves develop quickly.

Keep soil warm (60-70°F) and consistently moist. Thin seedlings to proper spacing to prevent crowding. Provide good air circulation.

2

Vegetative Growth

3-4 weeks

Plant develops sturdy stems and bushy foliage. Leaves are lance-shaped, slightly sticky, and aromatic.

Pinch growing tips to encourage bushier growth and more flowers. Water moderately and ensure good drainage. Fertilize lightly every 2-3 weeks if desired.

3

Flowering & Bloom

8-12 weeks or until frost

Large, bold daisy-like flowers open in shades of orange and yellow, often with darker centers. Blooms are prolific and continuous.

Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms. This plant is very generous with flowers. Water consistently but avoid overhead watering.

4

Seed Set & Maturation

3-4 weeks after flowering

If not deadheaded, flowers fade and distinctive curved, boat-shaped seed pods form. Seeds mature to brown.

Allow some flowers to mature if you want self-seeding next year. Collect mature seed pods for storage or allow them to drop naturally.

5

Decline & Winter

Variable; until hard frost

Plant slows or stops growth as temperatures drop. In mild climates, may overwinter as a short-lived perennial; in cold zones, dies back.

In warm zones, cut back and feed with balanced fertilizer to extend bloom. Allow self-seeded plants to emerge in spring.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Tomatoes Cabbage Beans Lettuce Kale Nasturtiums Borage Dill Chamomile

Avoid planting near:

Fennel

Common Pests

  • Spray with strong water stream; use insecticidal soap or neem oil; attract ladybugs with companion plants

  • Improve air circulation; water at soil level; spray with baking soda solution (1 tbsp per gallon water) or sulfur fungicide

  • Increase humidity; spray with water; use neem oil or miticide if severe

  • Use yellow sticky traps; spray with insecticidal soap; encourage natural predators

  • and

    Handpick; use copper tape barriers; beer traps; diatomaceous earth around base

Uses

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Edible flowers and petals

Culinary

Calendula petals add color and mild peppery flavor to salads, soups, and garnishes. The flowers can be used fresh or dried in teas and infusions. [source]

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Skin healing and wound care

Medicinal

Traditional use in salves, oils, and creams for minor cuts, scrapes, and skin irritation due to flavonoid and carotenoid compounds that support skin health. [source]

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Anti-inflammatory infusions

Medicinal

Dried flower petals are steeped into tea to support immune function and reduce inflammation, particularly for sore throats and digestive comfort. [source]

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Natural dye

Household

Petals and flowers produce yellow to orange dyes for natural fabric dyeing, historically used for coloring cheeses and textiles. [source]

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Pollinator support

Wildlife

Prolific flowers attract bees, butterflies, and beneficial insects throughout the growing season, making it valuable for supporting pollinator populations. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest flowers in the morning after dew has dried but before full sun wilts them. Pinch or cut flower stems just below the bloom to encourage branching and more flowers. Flowers are edible and can be harvested at any stage of opening. For medicinal use, harvest fully opened flowers on a dry day. Collect seed pods when they turn brown; store in cool, dry place.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Calendula has been used medicinally for over 1,000 years and was called 'Marigold of Mary' in medieval times, believed to have healing properties blessed by the Virgin Mary.
  • 🌱 The flower's Latin name 'officinalis' means 'official' or 'of the apothecary,' indicating its historical importance in herbal medicine and traditional pharmacology.
  • 🌱 Calendula self-seeds so readily that it can become naturalistically established in gardens; some gardeners consider it a beneficial 'volunteer' that returns year after year.

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