How to Grow Ume-Koshitsuki

Ume-Koshitsuki

Prunus mume 'Ume-Koshitsuki'

tree

Ume-Koshitsuki is a Japanese apricot cultivar prized for its small, fragrant fruit and ornamental qualities. This deciduous tree produces delicate blossoms in early spring and yields tart, aromatic plums traditionally used in Japanese cuisine, particularly for umeboshi (pickled plums) and liqueurs. The tree is relatively compact and suitable for gardens, orchards, and even container growing in temperate climates.

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Example Ume-Koshitsuki timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Ume-Koshitsuki

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Ume-Koshitsuki

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Ume-Koshitsuki dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Full sun, 6-8 hours daily
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Water: Moderate water needs; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply once or twice weekly during growing season. Reduce watering in winter. Drought-tolerant once established.
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Spacing: 180 inches
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Days to maturity: 1095-1460 days (3-4 years from young tree to first significant fruiting)
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Planting depth: Same depth as root ball; graft union should be 2-3 inches above soil line

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy soil
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
Compost or aged manure Perlite or sand for drainage Bone meal for phosphorus

Growing Zones

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Thrives in USDA zones 6-9, with best performance in zones 7-8

6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

1-2 years

Young tree develops root system and main framework. Foliage emerges in spring; early flowers may appear.

Water regularly to establish deep roots. Stake for support. Remove competing leaders to establish single main trunk. Apply 2-3 inches of mulch, keeping clear of trunk.

2

Vegetative Growth

1-2 years

Tree grows vigorously, developing branch structure and canopy. Leaves are medium-sized and emerald green.

Prune to create open center or vase shape for air circulation and light penetration. Remove crossing or inward-growing branches. Apply balanced fertilizer in spring.

3

Flowering

2-3 weeks

Delicate pink to white blossoms appear in late winter to early spring before leaves fully emerge. Flowers are highly fragrant.

Protect flowers from late frost damage with frost cloth if temperatures drop below 28°F. Do not disturb tree during flowering. Flowers typically appear on 2-3 year old wood.

4

Fruit Development

6-8 weeks

Small, round fruit develops from fertilized flowers. Fruit is initially green, gradually yellowing as it ripens. Fruit is typically 0.75-1.5 inches in diameter.

Thin fruit to 3-4 inches apart to encourage larger fruit. Water consistently during fruit development. Apply potassium-rich fertilizer (such as wood ash or kelp) to boost sugar content.

5

Harvest

2-3 weeks

Fruit reaches full yellow color and emits strong fragrance. Fruit begins to soften slightly. Typically ready June-July.

Harvest when fruit is yellow but still firm. For umeboshi, pick slightly early (when 80% yellow) for better tartness. Wear gloves to protect from minor pricks. Harvest by gently twisting fruit or cutting stems.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Ume (other Japanese apricot varieties for cross-pollination) Medlar Quince Plum Flowering cherry Peony Azalea

Avoid planting near:

Black walnut (juglone toxicity) Fennel Cabbage family plants (in root zone)

Common Pests

  • Remove infected fruit immediately; apply spinosad or kaolin clay spray in spring; place sticky bands on trunk; encourage beneficial insects

  • Prune out infected branches; improve air circulation; avoid overhead watering; apply sulfur or copper fungicide in spring and early summer

  • Remove infested fruit; use pheromone traps; apply spinosad or neem oil; prune out infested twigs in winter

  • Spray dormant oil in winter; use insecticidal soap in spring on young scales; maintain tree vigor; encourage parasitic wasps

  • Hand-pick early morning; use Japanese beetle traps away from tree; apply spinosad; encourage native parasites

Uses

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Umeboshi and Japanese preserves

Culinary

Ume fruit is traditionally used to make umeboshi (salted pickled plums), a staple in Japanese cuisine. The fruit's high citric and malic acid content makes it ideal for pickling, liqueurs (umeshu), and jams. [source]

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Traditional Japanese medicine

Medicinal

Ume fruit and its preparations are used in traditional Japanese medicine to aid digestion, boost immunity, and provide antimicrobial benefits. Umeboshi is believed to have alkalizing and stomach-settling properties. [source]

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Liqueur and beverages

Culinary

Ume fruit is steeped in alcohol and sugar to create umeshu, a sweet liqueur popular in Japan. Fresh ume juice can also be used in drinks and culinary applications. [source]

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Ornamental flowering tree

Craft

The tree's early spring blossoms are highly ornamental and fragrant, making Ume-Koshitsuki valuable as a specimen plant in gardens and parks. In Japan, ume blossoms are celebrated and symbolize perseverance and hope. [source]

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Natural fragrance and aromatics

Household

The intense fragrance of ume blossoms and fruit is valued in Japanese perfumery and incense making. Dried ume fruit can be used as a natural household deodorizer and air freshener. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest fruit in June-July when it turns golden yellow and develops a strong fragrance. For umeboshi (Japanese pickled plums), pick fruit when 70-80% yellow for maximum tartness and acidity. Fruit should be firm but slightly yielding to gentle pressure. Harvest by twisting gently or cutting the stem. Handle carefully to avoid bruising. Fruit can be used fresh or processed immediately after harvest. Peak fruit quality is achieved on trees 4-5 years or older.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Ume-Koshitsuki is one of the most popular Japanese apricot cultivars for home gardens and commercial umeboshi production, chosen for its balance of flavor, aroma, and productivity.
  • 🌱 In Japanese culture, ume trees symbolize perseverance and virtue; the blossoms are celebrated in poetry, art, and spring festivals across Japan.
  • 🌱 Despite being called 'Japanese apricot,' Prunus mume is botanically closer to Chinese plums than European apricots, with fruit that is far more acidic and aromatic than typical apricots.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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