How to Grow Top Set Onion

Wikimedia Commons

Top Set Onion

Allium cepa var. aggregatum

vegetable

Top set onions, also called Egyptian onions or walking onions, produce small bulblets (sets) at the top of tall stems instead of underground. These unusual onions are perennial in mild climates and can literally 'walk' across the garden as the weight of the top sets bends stems to the ground, where they take root and multiply.

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Example Top Set Onion timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Top Set Onion

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Top Set Onion

    Around Jul 16

    ≈ 90 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Top Set Onion dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 6-8 hours daily
💧
Water: Moderate; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply once weekly, more during dry spells. Reduce watering in late summer to encourage bulb maturation.
📏
Spacing: 6 inches
📅
Days to maturity: 90-120 days from planting to top set formation
🌱
Planting depth: 1 inch for sets; plant base of small bulblets 1 inch deep

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy soil
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
compost aged manure bone meal

Growing Zones

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Zones 4-8; best as perennials in zones 5-7

3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

3-4 weeks

Young plants develop 3-4 leaves and begin forming the underground base bulb

Keep soil consistently moist. Thin seedlings if necessary. Provide full sun exposure.

2

Vegetative Growth

4-6 weeks

Tall hollow stems with strap-like green leaves emerge; plant grows 12-24 inches tall

Water regularly, maintain adequate spacing to prevent crowding. Fertilize monthly with balanced fertilizer.

3

Top Set Formation

3-4 weeks

Flowering stem elongates and small bulblets (sets) cluster at the top, initially appearing as tiny green bulges

Continue watering. Do not pinch off tops. Reduce nitrogen fertilizer to encourage set hardening.

4

Set Maturation

2-3 weeks

Top sets develop papery outer layers, turn brown, and become increasingly papery and distinct. Stem begins to weaken under their weight.

Reduce watering to allow sets to cure. Stems may naturally bend to ground.

5

Harvest & Storage

Ongoing through season

Top sets are fully mature with crispy papery skin. Underground bulb may also be ready to harvest.

Cut mature tops with sets, or allow to fall and propagate naturally. Store in cool, dry location.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

bean pea sage

Common Pests

  • Use row covers over young plants, remove infected plants, practice crop rotation, apply neem oil if needed

  • Increase humidity, spray with water, apply insecticidal soap, use neem oil

  • Use reflective mulches, remove affected foliage, apply neem oil, encourage beneficial insects

  • Use disease-resistant sets, practice crop rotation, disinfect tools, avoid overhead watering

  • Ensure well-draining soil, avoid overwatering, use disease-free sets, remove infected plants immediately

Uses

🍳

Fresh onion flavor

Culinary

Top sets have a mild, slightly sweet onion flavor suitable for fresh use in salads, pickling, or light cooking. The small bulblets can also be used like pearl onions or small garnish onions. [source]

🍳

Long-term storage & preservation

Culinary

Top sets dry well and keep for several months in cool storage, making them excellent for winter use. They can be pickled whole or sliced for extended preservation. [source]

🏠

Garden propagation & self-seeding

Household

Top set onions are exceptional for gardeners who want a perennial crop. Sets naturally fall and propagate, creating a 'walking onion' effect that can fill garden beds with minimal replanting effort. [source]

🏠

Novel & ornamental appeal

Household

The distinctive tall stems topped with clustered bulblets make top set onions visually striking in the garden, serving dual purpose as an unusual edible and an interesting landscape feature. [source]

💊

Immune & digestive support

Medicinal

Like other onions, top sets contain sulfur compounds and quercetin with reported antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, traditionally used in folk remedies for colds and digestion. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Top sets mature 90-120 days after planting. Harvest when papery outer skin fully develops and turns tan/brown, typically in mid-summer. Cut the entire top set cluster with 2-3 inches of stem attached. For underground bulbs, harvest when foliage yellows and falls over. Store top sets in a cool (50-60°F), dry location; they can be replanted immediately or stored for spring planting.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Top set onions are also called 'walking onions' or 'Egyptian onions' because the weight of the mature bulblets at the top causes the stems to bend down until they touch the soil, where the sets take root and appear to 'walk' across the garden, expanding the patch year after year.
  • 🌱 Unlike most onions that are grown as annuals, top set onions are perennial in mild climates (zones 5-7) and can be left in the ground year-round where they'll regrow from the underground bulb each spring.
  • 🌱 Top set onions produce no seeds—they reproduce entirely through the bulblets that form at the top, making them a true asexual crop that breeds 'true' without variation.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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