How to Grow Scarlet Queen Amaranth
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Scarlet Queen Amaranth
Amaranthus cruentus
vegetableScarlet Queen is a striking ornamental and edible amaranth variety with vibrant deep red foliage and dramatic crimson flower spikes. The entire plant—leaves and grain—is edible and highly nutritious, making it both a functional garden plant and a visually stunning addition to beds. It's popular among gardeners seeking dual-purpose plants with impressive aesthetic appeal.
When should you plant Scarlet Queen Amaranth in your zone?
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Example Scarlet Queen Amaranth timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Scarlet Queen Amaranth
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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Harvest Scarlet Queen Amaranth
Around Jun 26≈ 70 days after planting
Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Scarlet Queen Amaranth dates for your own zip code.
Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Thrives in zones 5-10; can be grown as annual in zones 3-4
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Seedling
2-3 weeksTiny seedlings emerge with cotyledons and initial true leaves beginning to show red coloration
Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; provide bright light if starting indoors
Flower/Inflorescence Development
2-3 weeksDramatic crimson flower spikes begin forming at the top and along the sides of the plant; deep burgundy coloration intensifies
Continue consistent watering; reduce nitrogen fertilizer if used, as excess can reduce seed production; support tall plants if needed in windy locations
Grain Formation
3-4 weeksFlower spikes develop tiny seeds (grain); foliage remains vibrant red; plant reaches full height of 3-5 feet
Maintain even moisture without waterlogging; monitor for pests and diseases; refrain from harvesting leaves heavily to allow grain development
Harvest
1-2 weeks dryingGrain heads dry and harden; seeds become dark and drop slightly from flower clusters when mature
Cut flower heads when golden-brown and beginning to dry; hang upside down to finish drying; thresh seeds gently; dry grain further indoors for storage
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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Handpick affected leaves; spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap; remove plant debris that harbors pupae
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Use floating row covers on seedlings; spray with neem oil; diatomaceous earth for organic control
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Increase humidity; spray with water to dislodge; use neem oil or insecticidal soap if severe
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Spray with strong water stream; use neem oil or insecticidal soap; encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs
Uses
Nutritious Whole Grain
CulinaryAmaranth grain is a complete protein containing all nine essential amino acids, making it a superior gluten-free grain alternative. Cook like quinoa—use a 1:3 grain-to-water ratio and simmer for 15-20 minutes. [source]
Tender Leafy Greens
CulinaryYoung leaves can be eaten raw in salads or cooked like spinach when tender. Older leaves become slightly tough but remain nutritious and can be added to soups, stir-fries, or steamed as a side dish. [source]
Mineral and Iron Source
MedicinalAmaranth is exceptionally high in iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese. Traditionally used in various cultures to support blood health and bone strength. [source]
Striking Garden Display
OrnamentalThe vivid scarlet foliage and crimson flower spikes make Scarlet Queen a standout ornamental plant suitable for borders, containers, and cut flower arrangements. The flowers dry well for dried arrangements. [source]
Bird and Pollinator Food
WildlifeThe seeds attract finches and other seed-eating birds; the flowers attract bees and other pollinators. Leaving mature seed heads standing provides natural food for wildlife through fall and winter. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
Harvest leaves at any point once the plant is 8-10 inches tall by pinching or cutting outer leaves (promotes bushiness). For grain, wait until flower heads are golden-brown and dry, then cut the entire spike and hang in a warm, dry location for 2-3 weeks. Once fully dry, rub heads gently between your hands to separate seeds from chaff. Grain stores for several years in cool, dry conditions.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 Scarlet Queen amaranth was a sacred staple crop of the Aztecs, who used it in religious ceremonies and as a nutritious food source—it was nearly lost to history after Spanish conquest but is experiencing a revival among nutritious grain enthusiasts.
- 🌱 Amaranth grain can be 'popped' like popcorn by heating seeds in a dry pan until they jump, creating a crispy snack or cereal topping that's gluten-free and highly nutritious.
- 🌱 The deep red color comes from betalain and amaranthin pigments, the same compounds found in beets and dragon fruit, which are powerful antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties.
Gardening Terms
New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:
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