How to Grow Pickling Onion White Empress

Wikimedia Commons

Pickling Onion White Empress

Allium cepa var. cepa

vegetable

White Empress is a small-bulbed pickling onion variety prized for its uniform, pearl-white color and mild flavor ideal for brining and preservation. The compact bulbs mature quickly and store well, making them a popular choice for home gardeners and commercial pickle producers. This heirloom variety produces dense clusters of small onions perfect for whole-bulb preservation.

When should you plant Pickling Onion White Empress in your zone?

Get a personalized planting timeline — when to start seeds, transplant, and harvest — based on your USDA zone and local frost dates. Free to start.

Get my Pickling Onion White Empress timeline →

Example Pickling Onion White Empress timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Pickling Onion White Empress

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Pickling Onion White Empress

    Around Jul 16

    ≈ 90 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Pickling Onion White Empress dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 6-8 hours daily minimum; 8+ hours preferred for best bulb development
💧
Water: Consistent moisture during growing season (1-1.5 inches per week); reduce watering as tops begin to fall over 2-3 weeks before harvest
📏
Spacing: 3-4 inches apart in rows 12-15 inches apart; can plant closely for small pickling bulbs inches
📅
Days to maturity: 90-120 days from transplant
🌱
Planting depth: 0.25-0.5 inches for seeds; 1 inch for sets

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy soil, slightly loose for bulb formation
pH: 6.0-6.8
Amendments:
Compost aged manure balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) peat moss for drainage improvement

Growing Zones

Find your zone →

Thrives in zones 3-9; can grow in zones 2-10 with adjustments

2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b

Sign up free to see if Pickling Onion White Empress grows in your zone — and get a personalized planting timeline.

Get my Pickling Onion White Empress timeline →

Growth Stages

1

Seedling

2-3 weeks

Thin, grass-like green shoots emerge from soil; develops first true leaves

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; thin seedlings to proper spacing; provide bright light if growing indoors

2

Vegetative Growth

4-6 weeks

Multiple thin green leaves develop; plant establishes shallow root system; bulb begins forming underground

Water regularly (1-1.5 inches per week); side-dress with balanced fertilizer at 4-6 week intervals; remove any flower stalks that emerge

3

Bulb Swelling

4-6 weeks

Visible bulblets form at soil surface; white coloring becomes apparent; leaf growth slows as energy shifts to bulb development

Maintain consistent watering; avoid excess nitrogen which delays bulbing; mulch lightly around bases to keep soil cool and retain moisture; monitor for pests

4

Maturation

2-3 weeks

Bulbs reach full size (pea to marble-sized); tops begin yellowing and falling over naturally; outer skins papery and white

Reduce watering as tops fall; do not artificially bend tops over; stop fertilizing; harvest when 50-70% of tops have collapsed

5

Harvest & Curing

2-3 weeks curing

Bulbs dug and allowed to dry; papery skins develop protective layer; ready for storage and pickling

Cure in warm, well-ventilated location (70-75°F) for 2-3 weeks before storage; brush off soil gently; store in cool, dry place with good air circulation

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Bean Pea Asparagus Sage Fennel Garlic (excessive competition) Other onion varieties (cross-pollination)

Common Pests

  • Row covers until bulbing; remove affected plants; encourage beneficial insects; crop rotation; sticky traps

  • Spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap; remove infested leaves; maintain adequate moisture; increase humidity

  • Use row covers; apply diatomaceous earth; crop rotation; avoid manure in planting bed; remove affected plants immediately

  • Increase humidity; spray with water; neem oil spray; avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization

  • Collars around seedlings; hand-pick at night; remove plant debris; encourage ground beetles

Uses

🍳

Classic Pickling & Preservation

Culinary

White Empress onions are specifically bred for pickling whole and are ideal for creating traditional dill pickles, cocktail onions, and preserved vegetable medleys. Their small, uniform size and mild flavor make them perfect for vinegar-based brines. [source]

🍳

Fresh Eating & Condiment

Culinary

The mild, slightly sweet flavor makes these onions pleasant to eat raw in salads or as fresh garnishes. They can also be caramelized whole or roasted as a delicate side dish. [source]

🏠

Food Preservation & Storage

Household

White Empress onions store exceptionally well due to their protective papery skin and low moisture content, making them ideal for long-term pantry storage and creating preserved condiments. [source]

💊

Nutritional Compounds & Health

Medicinal

Like all onions, White Empress contains quercetin and other flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with vitamin C and fiber beneficial for digestive and cardiovascular health. [source]

🎨

Braiding & Display

Craft

The long, thin necks of pickling onions are ideal for traditional braiding techniques, creating attractive functional storage displays for kitchens and pantries. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest when 50-70% of tops have naturally fallen over, typically mid to late summer depending on planting date. Grasp the base and pull gently when soil is slightly moist for easier removal. Cure bulbs in a warm (70-75°F), well-ventilated location for 2-3 weeks until outer skins are papery and completely dry. For pickling, harvest at the small pickling stage (pea to grape-sized) if preferred, though they can be grown to full maturity. Store in mesh bags or braided bundles in a cool (50-55°F), dry location with 60-70% humidity for up to 6 months.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 White Empress is sometimes called 'silverskin' or 'pearl onion' variety and has been cultivated for centuries specifically for pickling, with the practice dating back to medieval European food preservation.
  • 🌱 These onions produce secondary bulblets (clusters) around the main bulb, allowing gardeners to harvest multiple small onions from a single plant for more intensive pickling operations.
  • 🌱 The papery white skin contains a special protective compound that develops during the curing process, which is why proper air-drying is critical before storage and why they keep so much longer than larger onion varieties.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

Join 30,000 gardeners planning their gardens with LizPlants.

Get your personalized Pickling Onion White Empress planting timeline

Tell us your zip code and we'll calculate exactly when to start Pickling Onion White Empress seeds, transplant seedlings, and harvest — based on your USDA zone and local frost dates. Includes calendar reminders and printable task lists. Free to start.

Get my Pickling Onion White Empress timeline →