How to Grow Paperbark Mulberry
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Paperbark Mulberry
Broussonetia papyrifera
treePaperbark mulberry is a fast-growing deciduous to semi-evergreen tree native to East Asia, known for its distinctive papery white bark and edible fruit. The tree produces small, round, red to orange fruits that ripen to dark purple-black and can be eaten fresh or used for jams. It has historically been used for papermaking and is valued as an ornamental and functional tree in many climates.
When should you plant Paperbark Mulberry in your zone?
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Example Paperbark Mulberry timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Paperbark Mulberry
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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Harvest Paperbark Mulberry
Late summer into fallBefore the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)
Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Paperbark Mulberry dates for your own zip code.
Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Thrives in zones 7-10; hardy to zone 6b with protection
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Get my Paperbark Mulberry timeline →Growth Stages
Establishment
Year 1Young tree with rapid stem and branch growth, smooth to slightly exfoliating bark, and developing root system
Water regularly to establish deep roots. Provide support stake if needed. Remove competing leaders to encourage single trunk. Apply 2-3 inches of mulch around base, keeping it away from trunk.
Juvenile Growth
Year 2-3Tree develops characteristic papery exfoliating bark, becomes fuller with vigorous branch development, and bark begins to lighten and peel
Prune to shape crown and remove lower branches as desired. Continue regular watering during dry periods. Fertilize lightly with balanced fertilizer in spring. Remove any dead or crossing branches.
Pre-Flowering
Year 3-4Tree reaches productive size with fully developed crown, mature exfoliating paperbark visible, and flower buds forming along branches
Reduce nitrogen fertilizer to encourage flowering. Ensure good air circulation by selective pruning. Maintain consistent moisture as buds develop. Monitor for pests and diseases.
Flowering & Fruiting
Spring to late summerSmall inconspicuous flowers appear in spring (male and female on same tree), developing into berry-like fruits that change from red-orange to dark purple-black
Maintain consistent watering during fruit development. Apply low-nitrogen, slightly higher phosphorus fertilizer to support fruiting. Thin branches if necessary to improve light penetration. Watch for pest activity on ripening fruit.
Maturity & Maintenance
Year 5+Fully established tree with prolific fruiting, distinctive white-to-tan exfoliating bark, and spreading crown; naturally maintains shape with minimal pruning needed
Prune selectively for shape and to remove dead wood. Harvest ripe fruit regularly to encourage continued production. Minimal fertilizer needed once established; use compost or organic matter. Tree is self-fertile but benefits from having both male and female specimens for consistent fruiting.
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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Spray with insecticidal soap or neem oil; encourage natural predators like ladybugs; reflective mulches deter adults
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Prune heavily infested branches; apply horticultural oil in dormant season; insecticidal soap for crawlers
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Hand-pick in early morning; spray with neem oil or pyrethrin for severe infestations; encourage predatory insects
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Remove fallen fruit promptly; harvest ripe fruit regularly; use exclusion netting over fruit clusters
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Prune out infected branches; sterilize tools between cuts; improve air circulation; apply copper fungicide to wounds in dormant season
Uses
Fresh fruit eating and jams
CulinaryRipe paperbark mulberries have a sweet, slightly tart flavor similar to blackberries and can be eaten fresh, frozen, or made into jams, syrups, and desserts. The fruit is rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, making it nutritious as well as delicious. [source]
Traditional medicine and immune support
MedicinalMulberry leaves and fruits have been used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine to support immune function, regulate blood sugar, and promote digestive health. Modern research supports some traditional uses, particularly related to polyphenol content. [source]
Natural fiber and papermaking
HouseholdHistorically, Broussonetia papyrifera was the primary source for tapa paper in Pacific cultures and washi paper in Japan. The inner bark contains strong fibers ideal for handmade paper production and textile applications. [source]
Pollinator and wildlife support
WildlifeThe tree produces abundant flowers that attract bees and other pollinators, and its fruit provides food for birds and wildlife in late summer. It serves as an excellent ecological support plant in integrated gardens. [source]
Dye production from fruits and leaves
CraftThe ripe fruits produce purple-black dyes suitable for natural fabric dyeing, while leaves can yield yellow to green dyes. Traditional dyers have long valued mulberry for colorfast, vibrant results. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
Fruit ripens in early to mid-summer (timing varies by zone and variety). Harvest when fully dark purple-black, soft to gentle pressure, and easily separates from branch—typically 2-3 weeks after color change. Pick berries early morning for best flavor. Ripe fruit is best used fresh or processed immediately as it ferments quickly. Wear gloves to avoid staining hands. A mature tree can produce 50-100+ pounds of fruit in a season.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 Paperbark mulberry is called 'paper mulberry' because its inner bark was traditionally processed into tapa (bark cloth) in Pacific cultures and washi paper in Japan, a technique dating back over 1,500 years.
- 🌱 The tree's distinctive exfoliating bark becomes more prominent and papery-white with age, creating a striking ornamental feature that peels to reveal lighter bark underneath.
- 🌱 Paperbark mulberry is considered invasive in some regions (parts of North America and Hawaii) due to its aggressive growth, prolific seed production, and ability to spread via roots and dropped fruit; check local regulations before planting.
Gardening Terms
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