How to Grow Microgreens

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Microgreens

Various species (seedlings of herbs, vegetables, and grains)

vegetable

Microgreens are young seedlings of vegetables, herbs, and grains harvested at 1-3 weeks old, before the first true leaves fully develop. They are nutrient-dense, flavorful, and grown indoors in compact spaces with minimal soil. Popular varieties include broccoli, radish, mustard, sunflower, and pea shoots.

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Example Microgreens timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Microgreens

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Microgreens

    Around Apr 24

    ≈ 7 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Microgreens dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Bright indirect light or grow lights, 12-16 hours daily; LED grow lights ideal for indoor trays
💧
Water: Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; mist daily or use bottom watering via trays; ensure good air circulation to prevent mold
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Spacing: Sow densely; seeds nearly touching or slightly overlapping inches
📅
Days to maturity: 7-21 days depending on variety
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Planting depth: Seeds sown on surface or barely covered (¼ inch max); press lightly into soil for contact

Soil

Type: Light, well-draining potting mix or seed-starting medium
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
Perlite for drainage Coconut coir for moisture retention Peat moss or compost for structure

Growing Zones

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All zones (indoor growing, climate-independent)

1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b 12a 12b 13a 13b

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Growth Stages

1

Germination & Root Development

3-5 days

Seeds absorb moisture and germinate; white root tips emerge; no visible shoots yet

Keep soil moist; maintain 60-70°F temperature; provide darkness (cover tray with damp cloth or blackout cover for 3-5 days)

2

Hypocotyl Elongation (Blackout Phase)

3-7 days

Seedlings develop long, pale stems reaching toward light; cotyledons (seed leaves) remain folded

Maintain blackout conditions for most varieties (except large seeds like sunflower); keep soil consistently moist; provide warm, humid environment

3

Cotyledon Emergence & Greening

2-5 days

Seedlings begin stretching, cotyledons expand and open, chlorophyll develops turning them green; stems strengthen

Introduce light gradually over 1-2 days; increase to 14-16 hours of bright light daily; maintain humidity; begin air circulation with gentle fan

4

Development & First True Leaves

3-7 days

Cotyledons fully expanded and green; first true leaves begin to appear; plant develops flavor compounds and nutrients

Maintain consistent moisture (avoid waterlogging); ensure excellent air circulation to prevent fungal issues; harvest before true leaves fully mature

5

Harvest Readiness

Varies by variety; typically 10-21 days total

Microgreens reach 1.5-3 inches tall with vibrant color and developed flavor; ready for cutting above soil line

Cut in morning after misting; use clean, sharp scissors; harvest before true leaves fully expand for best tenderness

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Not applicable for indoor growing; maintain separate containers for different varieties to prevent flavor mixing if desired

Common Pests

  • Ensure excellent air circulation with fans; avoid overwatering; use sterile growing medium; maintain humidity below 70%; remove affected trays immediately

  • Use sterile, well-draining seed-starting mix; avoid excessive moisture; maintain good air circulation; provide bright light early to strengthen stems

  • Use sterile equipment and growing medium; sanitize trays between crops with diluted bleach; wash hands before handling; source seeds from reputable suppliers

  • Maintain indoor growing environment; keep area clean; ensure good air circulation

Uses

🍳

Fresh garnish & salad addition

Culinary

Microgreens add vibrant color, tender texture, and concentrated flavor to salads, sandwiches, sushi, soups, and plated dishes. Each variety (broccoli, radish, mustard, pea) imparts distinct, intense flavors in small quantities. [source]

🍳

Pesto & sauce base

Culinary

Microgreens can be blended into pestos, dressings, and smoothies for concentrated herbal or vegetable flavors without requiring large quantities. Basil, cilantro, and arugula microgreens work particularly well. [source]

💊

Nutrient supplementation

Medicinal

Microgreens contain 4-40 times higher concentrations of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants compared to mature plants. Broccoli microgreens are particularly high in sulforaphane, a compound studied for potential anti-cancer properties. [source]

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Indoor food production

Household

Microgreens require minimal space (flat trays on shelves or windowsills), no soil outdoor space, and rapid harvest cycles, making them ideal for apartments, small homes, and year-round indoor gardening. [source]

🎨

Decorative plating

Craft

Chefs use colorful microgreens to enhance visual appeal and sophistication of plated dishes in fine dining and specialty restaurants, with varieties like purple cabbage and radish providing striking colors. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest microgreens when cotyledons are fully expanded and first true leaves are just beginning to emerge, typically 10-21 days after sowing depending on variety. Cut stems 1-2 inches above the soil line using clean, sharp scissors in the morning for best flavor and shelf life. Wash gently and use immediately or refrigerate in a sealed container for up to 7-10 days. For pea and sunflower shoots, harvest when stems are 2-3 inches tall and leaves are just unfurling.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Microgreens can be 4-40 times more nutrient-dense than their mature plant counterparts; for example, broccoli microgreens contain up to 50 times more sulforaphane than mature broccoli.
  • 🌱 A single shallow tray of microgreens (typically 10x20 inches) can produce 1-2 pounds of fresh, nutrient-dense greens in just 10-21 days under indoor grow lights.
  • 🌱 Microgreens have become a trendy superfood in high-end restaurants and health-conscious cuisine since the 1980s, but the concept of eating immature plants dates back centuries in Asian culinary traditions.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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