How to Grow Herbs (General Category)

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Herbs (General Category)

Various species

herb

Herbs are a diverse group of plants valued for their culinary, medicinal, and aromatic properties. They range from tender annuals to hardy perennials and can be grown in gardens, containers, or indoors. Most herbs are relatively easy to cultivate and offer multiple uses beyond the kitchen.

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Example Herbs (General Category) timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Herbs (General Category)

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Herbs (General Category)

    Around May 17

    ≈ 30 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Herbs (General Category) dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours daily) for most herbs; some shade-tolerant varieties prefer 3-6 hours
💧
Water: Moderate watering; allow soil to dry slightly between waterings. Most herbs prefer consistent but not waterlogged soil. Reduce watering in winter dormancy.
📏
Spacing: 6-24 inches depending on variety (small herbs 6-12 inches, larger herbs 18-24 inches) inches
📅
Days to maturity: 30-120 days depending on herb type and harvest method
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Planting depth: Seeds: 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep; transplants: at soil line

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy soil with moderate organic matter
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
Compost peat moss or coco coir perlite for drainage aged manure

Growing Zones

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Varies by herb type; most common culinary herbs thrive in zones 3-11, with tropical herbs requiring zones 9-12

1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b 12a 12b

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Growth Stages

1

Seedling

2-4 weeks

Small plants with 2-4 leaves emerging from seed, tender and delicate

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Provide bright light (12-16 hours if indoors). Thin seedlings to proper spacing once true leaves appear.

2

Vegetative Growth

3-8 weeks

Plant develops multiple leaves and stems, establishing a bushy structure with increasing foliage

Pinch back growing tips to encourage bushiness. Maintain consistent moisture and provide full sun. Apply balanced fertilizer every 3-4 weeks.

3

Establishment

4-12 weeks

Plant becomes robust with well-developed root system and substantial leaf production

Begin harvesting outer leaves regularly to promote bushiness. Reduce fertilizer frequency. Ensure good air circulation to prevent disease.

4

Flowering

2-6 weeks

Plant produces flower buds and blooms; foliage may become less tender and flavor may concentrate

Pinch off flower buds if tender leaves are desired. Allow flowers to develop if seeds are desired. Flowering reduces leaf quality in some herbs.

5

Maturity/Harvest Ready

Until frost or plant decline

Plant is fully developed with abundant foliage or seeds ready for collection

Continue regular harvesting to extend productivity. Deadhead spent flowers unless collecting seeds. Some herbs decline after flowering; plan for succession planting.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, carrots) Flowers (marigolds, nasturtiums, borage) Other herbs (basil with oregano, cilantro with parsley) Garlic Onions

Avoid planting near:

Fennel (inhibits growth of most plants) Kochia Some heavy feeders that compete for nutrients

Common Pests

  • Spray with water to dislodge; apply neem oil or insecticidal soap; introduce ladybugs

  • Increase humidity; spray with water; apply miticide or neem oil if severe

  • Use yellow sticky traps; spray with neem oil; improve air circulation

  • Remove with rubbing alcohol on cotton swab; apply insecticidal soap; isolate infected plants

  • and

    Hand-pick at dusk; create copper barriers; use beer traps; apply diatomaceous earth

  • Improve air circulation; spray with baking soda solution (1 tbsp per gallon water); apply sulfur or neem oil

Uses

🍳

Fresh cooking and flavoring

Culinary

Most herbs are used fresh in cooking to add flavor, aroma, and color to dishes. They can be added at different cooking stages: hardy herbs (rosemary, thyme) during cooking; tender herbs (basil, cilantro, dill) at the end or as garnish. [source]

🍳

Drying and preservation

Culinary

Many herbs dry well for year-round storage and use. Dried herbs are more concentrated in flavor and work well in sauces, teas, spice blends, and long-cooking dishes. [source]

💊

Herbal teas and infusions

Medicinal

Culinary and medicinal herbs are steeped in hot water to create soothing teas that support health and digestion. Common tea herbs include chamomile, peppermint, sage, and ginger. [source]

💊

Traditional and folk remedies

Medicinal

Many herbs have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to support health, boost immunity, aid digestion, and reduce inflammation. Examples include ginger, turmeric, echinacea, and elderberry. [source]

🏠

Aromatics and fragrance

Household

Dried herbs and herb-infused products provide natural fragrance for homes. Lavender, mint, and rosemary are popular for sachets, potpourri, and essential oil applications. [source]

🎨

Crafting and decorative purposes

Craft

Dried herbs are used in flower arrangements, wreaths, herbal crafts, and decorative displays. Many herbs retain color and structure well when dried properly. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Most herbs produce best with regular harvesting of outer leaves and stems. Begin pinching leaves once plant has 6-8 leaves; never remove more than 1/3 of plant at once. Harvest in morning after dew dries for best flavor and oil content. Cut stems above leaf nodes to encourage branching. Many herbs are best harvested just before flowering for peak flavor. Tender herbs (basil, cilantro) are harvested continuously; woody herbs (rosemary, thyme) can be pruned more aggressively.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 The word 'herb' comes from the Latin 'herba,' meaning grass or green plant, though culinary herbs span many plant families and forms
  • 🌱 Many herbs have antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds that both protect the plant from pests and provide health benefits to humans
  • 🌱 Some of the oldest cultivated plants are herbs: parsley, mint, and sage have been grown for over 2,000 years in Mediterranean regions

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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