How to Grow Native Perennials and Groundcovers
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Native Perennials and Groundcovers
Various species (region-dependent)
flowerNative perennials and groundcovers are herbaceous or woody plants adapted to specific regional climates, requiring minimal maintenance once established. These plants return year after year, providing ecological benefits, erosion control, and habitat for local wildlife. Groundcovers spread horizontally to suppress weeds and stabilize soil, while perennials offer vertical interest and seasonal interest.
When should you plant Native Perennials and Groundcovers in your zone?
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Example Native Perennials and Groundcovers timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Native Perennials and Groundcovers
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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First Native Perennials and Groundcovers blooms
Mid-to-late summerBefore the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)
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Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Varies by region; select species native to your specific growing zone for best results
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Get my Native Perennials and Groundcovers timeline →Growth Stages
Establishment
3-6 monthsNew plants develop root systems and adapt to local conditions. Growth may appear slow.
Water regularly (weekly) for first 2-3 months. Mulch around plants (not on crowns). Avoid fertilizing. Be patient—natives invest in roots before shoots.
Vegetative Growth
6-18 monthsPlants develop foliage and establish spreading runners (groundcovers) or expand clumps (perennials).
Reduce watering frequency as plants establish. Remove competing weeds. Thin overcrowded growth if needed. No fertilizer required.
Flowering/Blooming
4-12 weeks (varies by species)Plants produce flowers attracting native pollinators. Timing varies by species (spring, summer, or fall).
Deadhead spent flowers if desired, but leave some flowers for seed production and wildlife food. Avoid pesticides that harm pollinators.
Seed Setting & Dormancy
8-20 weeksPlants set seed and begin senescence. In fall and winter, above-ground growth dies back (herbaceous types).
Leave seed heads standing for wildlife food and winter interest. Do not cut back until late winter/early spring. Provide minimal water in dormancy.
Spring Emergence
4-8 weeksNew shoots emerge from root systems. Perennials regrow; groundcovers fill in from established roots.
Cut back dead growth in late winter (late February-March in cold regions). Clear mulch away from crowns as growth begins. Resume regular watering as needed.
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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Handpick early morning; create barriers with copper tape; encourage native predators (ground beetles, toads)
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Improve air circulation; avoid overhead watering; select mildew-resistant native species
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Handpick in early morning; encourage native parasitic wasps; avoid traps that attract more beetles
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Remove infected leaves; do not wet foliage; thin crowded plants for better air flow
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Maintain consistent moisture during establishment; spray with water to dislodge; avoid broad-spectrum pesticides
Uses
Native Pollinator Habitat
WildlifeNative perennials and groundcovers provide essential nectar, pollen, and shelter for bees, butterflies, moths, and other native pollinators adapted to these plants through coevolution. [source]
Erosion Control and Soil Stabilization
HouseholdDeep root systems of native plants hold soil in place, reducing erosion on slopes and preventing stormwater runoff. Groundcovers suppress weeds and reduce maintenance labor. [source]
Food Source for Wildlife
WildlifeSeeds, berries, and foliage provide nutritious food for native birds, butterflies, caterpillars, and small mammals. Seed heads left standing through winter support overwintering insects and hungry birds. [source]
Edible and Medicinal Uses
CulinaryMany native perennials (such as native mints, coneflower, and asters) have culinary or traditional medicinal applications used by indigenous peoples and modern herbalists. [source]
Low-Maintenance Landscaping
HouseholdOnce established, natives require minimal water, fertilizer, or pesticides, reducing maintenance time and environmental impact while providing year-round visual interest with seasonal changes. [source]
Harvest Tips
For groundcovers: harvest cuttings in spring/early summer for propagation by layering or division. For perennials: collect seed heads in fall when dried and brown (store in cool, dry place); divide established clumps in early spring or fall every 3-5 years. Deadhead flowers to encourage rebloom or leave for seed production and wildlife benefit.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 Native plants have deep root systems (sometimes 10+ feet) developed over millennia to access water and nutrients in their specific region, making them extremely drought-tolerant once established—far surpassing typical ornamental plants.
- 🌱 Many native perennials were used for thousands of years by indigenous peoples for food, medicine, and fiber, and this traditional knowledge is now being rediscovered by gardeners and ethnobotanists.
- 🌱 A single native plant can support 10 times more caterpillar species than an exotic ornamental, because native insects have coevolved with these plants and recognize them as suitable food—making natives critical for supporting bird populations that depend on caterpillars for their young.
Gardening Terms
New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:
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