How to Grow Native Groundcovers

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Native Groundcovers

Various species (region-dependent)

groundcover

Native groundcovers are low-growing plants naturally occurring in a specific region that spread across the soil surface, replacing lawn grass while supporting local ecosystems. These plants are adapted to local climate, soil, and wildlife, requiring minimal maintenance once established. They provide erosion control, habitat for pollinators and beneficial insects, and reduce the need for mowing and chemical inputs.

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Example Native Groundcovers timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Native Groundcovers

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Native Groundcovers

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Native Groundcovers dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Varies by species: shade-tolerant types (e.g., Coral Bells, Wild Ginger) prefer dappled light; sun-loving types (e.g., Lanceleaf Coreopsis, Prairie Dropseed) require 6+ hours direct sun
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Water: Once established, most native groundcovers are drought-tolerant and require minimal supplemental watering. During establishment (first 1-2 years), water regularly to encourage deep root development. Reduce frequency as plants mature.
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Spacing: 6-18 inches apart depending on species and desired coverage speed; closer spacing for faster fill inches
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Days to maturity: Highly variable; most native groundcovers take 1-2 years to establish full coverage
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Planting depth: Plant at same depth as pot; bareroot plants at depth marked on stems. Do not bury crowns of low-growing species.

Soil

Type: Varies by species; generally well-draining soil matching native habitat conditions
pH: 5.5-7.5 (species-dependent)
Amendments:
Compost for soil structure improvement Leaf mulch to mimic forest floor conditions Avoid heavy fertilization for most native species

Growing Zones

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Varies by species; select groundcovers native to your specific region for optimal results

1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

3-6 months

Young plants develop root systems and initial shoots, appearing sparse with small foliage

Water consistently to keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Weed competition is critical during this phase. Apply 2-3 inches of mulch to suppress weeds and retain moisture. Avoid foot traffic.

2

Spread/Vegetative Growth

6-18 months

Plants expand horizontally, runners or rhizomes spread, foliage becomes denser and more vigorous

Reduce watering as drought tolerance increases. Remove weeds that emerge through young plants. Monitor for initial pest or disease issues. Allow natural spreading without aggressive pruning.

3

Maturation

Ongoing after year 1-2

Full canopy coverage achieved; plants form dense mat or spreading colony with characteristic form

Minimal maintenance required. Deadhead spent flowers if desired for appearance. Cut back in late fall or early spring to remove dead material and rejuvenate growth.

4

Flowering (species-dependent)

2-8 weeks (season-dependent)

Many native groundcovers produce small flowers attractive to pollinators; timing varies by species (spring, summer, or fall)

Do not deadhead if wildlife benefit is desired; seeds feed birds and insects. Allow spent flowers to remain for ecological value.

5

Senescence/Dormancy

3-6 months (cold climates)

In cold climates, groundcovers may brown or die back in fall/winter; evergreen varieties retain foliage year-round

Leave dead material for winter insulation and wildlife shelter. Cut back in early spring before new growth. In mild climates, evergreen types provide year-round cover.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Native wildflowers (Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, Black-eyed Susan) Native shrubs (Serviceberry, Chokeberry, Bayberry) Spring ephemeral bulbs (Trillium, Bloodroot, Dutchman's Breeches) Native sedges and grasses (Prairie Dropseed, Carex species) Other groundcovers of complementary height and spread

Avoid planting near:

Non-native invasive plants (Vinca, English Ivy, Japanese Honeysuckle) Aggressive spreaders that compete for space and resources Plants requiring frequent irrigation in drought-prone regions Species with incompatible light or soil requirements

Common Pests

  • and

    Encourage ground beetles and toads; remove debris that provides shelter; use beer traps or copper barriers if population is severe

  • Maintain clear areas around plants; encourage raptors and native predators; avoid heavy mulch directly against plant crowns

  • Increase humidity through early morning watering; spray forcefully with water to dislodge mites; encourage beneficial mite predators

  • Ensure good air circulation; avoid overhead watering; remove affected leaves; native plants are generally more resistant than ornamentals

  • Improve soil drainage; amend with compost or sand; allow soil to dry between waterings; plant on slopes or mounds if necessary

Uses

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Pollinator & Beneficial Insect Support

Ecological

Native groundcovers provide nectar, pollen, and shelter for native bees, butterflies, beetles, and other beneficial insects that support ecosystem function and food production. Many species flower in succession, providing resources throughout growing season. [source]

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Lawn Replacement & Erosion Control

Household

Eliminates need for mowing, fertilizers, and herbicides while stabilizing soil and reducing stormwater runoff. Deep root systems of many native species outcompete weeds and prevent erosion on slopes. [source]

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Wildlife Habitat & Food Source

Wildlife

Provides shelter, nesting material, and food for birds, small mammals, and beneficial invertebrates. Seeds, berries, and insects supported by groundcovers sustain wildlife populations year-round. [source]

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Water Conservation & Reduced Chemical Input

Environmental

Once established, native groundcovers require minimal to no irrigation, fertilizer, or pesticide applications, reducing water consumption and environmental contamination. Regional adaptation means plants thrive in natural rainfall patterns. [source]

💊

Traditional Herbal & Cultural Uses

Medicinal

Many native groundcovers (e.g., Wild Ginger, native Mint species) have traditional medicinal and culinary applications in regional Indigenous and folk practices, supporting cultural continuity. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Native groundcovers are not typically harvested; instead, allow them to establish and spread naturally. For propagation: collect seeds from spent flowers in fall; take cuttings or divisions of spreading species in spring or early fall when soil moisture is adequate. Divide established plants every 3-5 years to rejuvenate patches.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Native groundcovers can reduce summer soil temperatures by 10-20°F compared to bare ground or lawn, moderating local microclimate and reducing cooling costs.
  • 🌱 A single native groundcover planting can support 100+ species of insects, spiders, and arthropods—far more than monoculture lawn grass—creating a functioning ecosystem in your yard.
  • 🌱 Many native groundcovers were used by Indigenous peoples for food, medicine, and materials; replanting them honors historical land use and restores cultural plant communities.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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