How to Grow Native Ground Covers and Understory Plants

Native Ground Covers and Understory Plants

Various native species

groundcover/shrub

Native ground covers and understory plants are low-growing perennials and shrubs adapted to local ecological conditions, often thriving in shade beneath trees or as replacements for lawn. These plants provide habitat for wildlife, improve soil health, and require minimal maintenance once established. They vary widely by region but typically include sedges, native ferns, low shrubs, and herbaceous perennials.

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Example Native Ground Covers and Understory Plants timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Native Ground Covers and Understory Plants

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Native Ground Covers and Understory Plants

    Around Apr 18

    ≈ 1 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Native Ground Covers and Understory Plants dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Highly variable by species: shade-tolerant understory plants need 2-4 hours dappled light; open groundcovers may need 4-6+ hours of direct sun. Select species appropriate for your light conditions.
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Water: Once established, most native groundcovers are drought-tolerant and require minimal watering. During establishment (first growing season), water regularly to maintain consistent soil moisture. Avoid overwatering, which encourages weak growth and disease.
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Spacing: 6-18 inches depending on species and desired coverage speed; closer spacing achieves faster coverage inches
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Days to maturity: Highly variable; groundcovers typically fill in within 1-3 growing seasons depending on spacing and species
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Planting depth: Plant bare-root or container plants at the same depth they were growing previously; do not bury crowns

Soil

Type: Well-draining soil matching local native habitat (woodland, prairie, or meadow)
pH: 6.0-7.0 (varies by species; acidic for woodland natives, neutral for prairie natives)
Amendments:
Leaf mold or compost for woodland species Native mulch (shredded bark, leaf litter) Avoid heavy fertilization; let native plants establish naturally Optional: add sand for improved drainage in clay soils

Growing Zones

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Varies by species and region; most native groundcovers thrive in zones 3-9 depending on local adaptation

3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

4-8 weeks

Young plants are adjusting to their new location with slow initial growth as root systems develop

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Remove any weeds that compete for resources.

2

Root Development

2-4 months

Plants develop deeper root systems and begin spreading vegetatively or producing new shoots

Gradually reduce watering frequency as plants establish. Monitor for competing weeds. Avoid foot traffic in newly planted areas.

3

Vegetative Growth

3-12 months depending on species

Plants fill in and spread to cover bare ground; foliage expands and density increases

Reduce watering further once soil dries slightly between waterings. Light mulch refresher may help suppress remaining weeds. Some species may benefit from light grooming.

4

Maturation

Ongoing after year 1-2

Plants reach full coverage and mature form; may begin flowering and setting seed

Minimal maintenance required. Most native groundcovers need little to no fertilizer. Deadhead or allow seed production to encourage self-sowing and wildlife habitat.

5

Maintenance

Perpetual

Established groundcover provides year-round coverage with seasonal changes in appearance

Water only during extreme drought. Remove any invasive weeds before they take hold. Cut back dead foliage in spring if desired. Allow leaf litter to remain for mulch and wildlife habitat.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Native shade trees (Oak, Hickory, Maple, Beech) Native understory shrubs (Viburnum, Elderberry, Serviceberry) Native ferns (Christmas Fern, Ostrich Fern, Lady Fern) Native sedges (Pennsylvania Sedge, Appalachian Sedge) Native spring ephemerals (Trillium, Trout Lily, Bloodroot) Native shade perennials (Coral Bells, Hellebore species, Solomon's Seal) Native wildflowers adapted to same conditions

Avoid planting near:

Invasive species (Garlic Mustard, Multiflora Rose, Japanese Knotweed) Aggressive spreading groundcovers not native to your region Plants with allelopathic properties that inhibit nearby growth (Black Walnut) Species requiring very different water or light conditions

Common Pests

  • and

    Encourage ground beetles and other natural predators; remove leaf litter if excessive; apply copper tape barriers around vulnerable young plants; hand-pick in early morning

  • Handpick during morning activity; encourage native parasitic wasps; avoid trap deployment near groundcover; plant in shade where beetles are less active

  • Hand-pull or dig weeds before they set seed; remove entire root systems; dense native groundcover coverage naturally suppresses new weed establishment

  • Select deer-resistant native species; install fencing if protection needed; allow vegetation to become dense and less appetizing

  • Improve air circulation; avoid overhead watering; remove affected leaves; select disease-resistant species appropriate for your humidity

Uses

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Wildlife habitat and pollinator support

Ecological

Native groundcovers and understory plants provide food, shelter, and nesting material for insects, birds, and small mammals. Many species produce berries, seeds, and nectar that support biodiversity year-round. [source]

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Sustainable lawn replacement

Household

Native groundcovers offer a beautiful, low-maintenance alternative to traditional turf grass, eliminating the need for mowing, frequent watering, fertilizers, and pesticides. They improve soil health and reduce maintenance labor. [source]

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Erosion control and soil stabilization

Ecological

Deep root systems of native groundcovers stabilize slopes, prevent erosion, and improve soil structure. They are ideal for stream banks, hillsides, and areas susceptible to runoff. [source]

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Edible species (regional varieties)

Culinary

Some native groundcovers and understory plants produce edible berries, nuts, or greens. Species like native blueberries, pawpaw, and ramps provide food for both wildlife and foragers. [source]

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Traditional herbal remedies

Medicinal

Many native understory plants have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Plants like goldenseal, bloodroot, and wild ginger have historical medicinal applications, though some are now threatened by overharvesting. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Native groundcovers are not typically harvested. However, you may collect seeds from established plants in fall to propagate new areas, or division can expand plantings in spring. Allow some areas to go to seed to support wildlife.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Native groundcovers can sequester carbon and improve soil health faster than traditional lawns while supporting 10 times more insect species.
  • 🌱 Many native understory plants have evolved specialized relationships with specific pollinators and seed dispersers, ensuring ecosystem connectivity when native plants are restored.
  • 🌱 A single native groundcover planting can reduce stormwater runoff by 50-70% compared to turf grass, naturally filtering pollutants and recharging groundwater.

Gardening Terms

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