How to Grow Native Ground Covers

Wikimedia Commons

Native Ground Covers

Various species (regional)

groundcover

Native ground covers are low-growing plants naturally occurring in specific regions that spread horizontally to blanket soil, prevent erosion, and create wildlife habitat. They eliminate the need for lawn maintenance while supporting local ecosystems and requiring minimal water, fertilizer, or pesticides once established. Common types include sedges, creeping phlox, bearberry, and native clover species.

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Example Native Ground Covers timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Native Ground Covers

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Native Ground Covers

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Native Ground Covers dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun to part shade depending on species; research your specific ground cover's native light requirements
💧
Water: Low to moderate water needs once established; during first growing season, water regularly to promote root establishment; most natives are drought-tolerant after year 1
📏
Spacing: 6-18 inches (varies by species and desired coverage speed) inches
📅
Days to maturity: 180-365 days for full coverage (highly variable; some spreads in 6 months, others take 2-3 years)
🌱
Planting depth: Plant plugs/transplants at soil level; sow seeds per species-specific instructions

Soil

Type: Varies by species; most prefer well-draining soil; some thrive in sandy, clay, or poor soils depending on native habitat
pH: 5.5-7.5 (species-dependent)
Amendments:
Compost for moisture retention in sandy soils Peat moss or aged mulch (use sustainably sourced alternatives) Avoid heavy fertilization; native soils typically sufficient

Growing Zones

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Varies by species; research cultivars native to your specific region for optimal performance

1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

4-8 weeks

Young plugs or seedlings developing initial root systems and establishing in their new location

Water consistently during first 4-6 weeks; mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds; protect from heavy foot traffic

2

Vegetative Growth

2-6 months (species-dependent)

Plant spreads horizontally via stolons, rhizomes, or lateral branching; foliage expands to cover bare soil

Reduce watering frequency as plants establish; remove competing weeds; do not mow during this phase unless species-specific guidance suggests it

3

Spreading

3-18 months

Rapid lateral growth as plants fill in designated area; coverage becomes denser

Minimal intervention required; allow plants to spread naturally; maintain moisture during drought; reduce supplemental watering significantly

4

Flowering

2-8 weeks (species-dependent)

Many native ground covers produce attractive flowers (timing varies: spring through fall depending on species); supports pollinators

Do not deadhead unless necessary; allow flowers to bloom to support native bees and butterflies; seeds may self-sow for additional coverage

5

Maintenance/Maturity

Ongoing (1-2 years to reach full maturity)

Fully established ground cover providing complete soil coverage with minimal management needs

Water only during extended drought (native plants rarely need supplemental water after 2 years); no fertilizer necessary; consider light raking in spring to remove dead debris

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Native perennials (coneflowers, black-eyed Susans, asters) Native shrubs (serviceberry, chokeberry, ninebark) Native ferns Native wildflowers Other regionally appropriate ground covers

Avoid planting near:

Invasive non-native ground covers (English ivy, vinca minor in some regions) Aggressive spreading plants that outcompete ground covers Turf grass (if eliminating lawn) Plants requiring frequent tilling or soil disturbance

Common Pests

  • and

    Hand-pick; encourage ground beetles and carabids; copper barriers for small plantings; beer traps

  • Increase humidity via misting; spray with water; ensure adequate spacing for air circulation

  • Hand-pick early morning; encourage parasitic wasps; avoid traps near plantings

  • Improve air circulation; reduce overhead watering; remove affected foliage

Uses

🌿

Habitat & Pollinator Support

Ecological

Native ground covers provide essential nectar, pollen, and shelter for bees, butterflies, birds, and beneficial insects, supporting regional biodiversity and ecosystem health. [source]

🏠

Erosion Control & Soil Stabilization

Household

Dense growth and established root systems prevent soil erosion on slopes, stabilize banks, and reduce stormwater runoff, improving water infiltration and reducing flooding. [source]

🏠

Low-Maintenance Landscaping

Household

Once established, native ground covers require no mowing, minimal watering, and no fertilizer or pesticides, reducing maintenance labor, fuel consumption, and chemical inputs. [source]

🍳

Edible & Medicinal Species

Culinary

Some native ground covers (native clover, chickweed, wintergreen) are edible or have traditional medicinal uses; verify species identification before consuming. [source]

🌿

Carbon Sequestration & Water Conservation

Ecological

Native ground covers require minimal resource inputs compared to lawns, sequester carbon through perennial root systems, and conserve water through deep-rooted drought tolerance. [source]

Harvest Tips

Native ground covers are not typically harvested; instead, they are established to provide long-term landscape function, erosion control, and wildlife support. Deadheading flowers is optional and depends on aesthetic preference and species. Allow seeds to mature and drop for natural self-seeding and increased coverage.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Native ground covers can reduce lawn mowing emissions by up to 50% annually; a small residential lawn mower produces as much smog-forming pollution in one hour as driving a car for 40 miles.
  • 🌱 Many native ground covers spread via underground rhizomes or stolons, creating interconnected networks that can reproduce even if aboveground growth is damaged, making them extremely resilient.
  • 🌱 A single native flower spike on ground cover plants can attract dozens of different pollinator species within minutes; converting even 10% of lawn to native ground cover significantly increases local pollinator populations.

Gardening Terms

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