How to Grow Maltese (Maltese Cross)
Maltese (Maltese Cross)
Lychnis chalcedonica
flowerMaltese Cross is a striking ornamental perennial with vibrant scarlet-red flowers arranged in dense, flat-topped clusters that resemble a Maltese cross. Native to Russia and traditionally grown in cottage gardens, it produces tall, sturdy stems with lance-shaped leaves and blooms prolifically in mid-to-late summer. This hardy, long-lived plant attracts pollinators and adds bold color to garden borders and cut flower arrangements.
When should you plant Maltese (Maltese Cross) in your zone?
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Example Maltese (Maltese Cross) timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Maltese (Maltese Cross)
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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First Maltese (Maltese Cross) blooms
Mid-to-late summerBefore the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)
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Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Thrives in zones 3-9, with best performance in cooler zones 3-7
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Seedling
2-3 weeksTiny cotyledons emerge within 7-10 days; first true leaves develop quickly
Keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Provide bright light and maintain temperatures 65-70°F. Thin seedlings to 2-3 inches apart.
Vegetative Growth
4-6 weeksRosette of lance-shaped, hairy leaves forms; plant develops sturdy root system and multiple stems
Transplant to larger containers or garden when 3-4 inches tall. Water regularly and provide full sun. Stake tall varieties early to prevent flopping.
Budding
2-3 weeksTall flower stems (24-36 inches) emerge with terminal flower buds forming in dense clusters
Provide sturdy stakes for support, especially in windy locations. Continue regular watering. Apply balanced fertilizer monthly.
Flowering
4-6 weeksBrilliant scarlet-red, five-petaled flowers open in flat-topped clusters (corymbs) at stem tips; very showy and attractive to bees
Deadhead spent flower clusters to encourage longer blooming and prevent excessive self-seeding. Water consistently. Enjoy as cut flowers.
Seed Maturation & Dormancy
8-12 weeksFlowers fade; seed capsules develop and dry on the plant; foliage dies back in fall as perennial enters winter rest
Allow some flowers to mature for seed collection if desired. Cut back dead foliage in late fall or early spring. Mulch to protect from extreme cold.
Common Pests
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Spray with water to dislodge; use miticide if severe. Increase humidity around plants.
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Spray with insecticidal soap or neem oil; encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs.
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Hand-pick in early morning; use beer traps or copper barriers around base of plants.
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Improve air circulation; avoid overhead watering. Apply sulfur or fungicide if symptoms appear.
Uses
Edible Flowers
CulinaryMaltese Cross petals are mildly sweet and can be used fresh as garnish in salads, desserts, and beverages for visual appeal and delicate flavor. [source]
Cut Flowers & Floral Arrangements
CraftThe striking scarlet blooms and long stems make Maltese Cross a popular choice for fresh bouquets, dried arrangements, and cottage garden displays. [source]
Pollinator Support
WildlifeFlowers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, making it valuable for supporting garden ecosystems and native pollinator populations. [source]
Traditional Herbal Use
MedicinalHistorically used in folk medicine to support heart health and circulation; modern use is minimal but the plant remains of ethnobotanical interest. [source]
Garden Ornament
HouseholdAdds bold, vibrant color to perennial borders and cottage gardens; tall growth habit makes it ideal for back-of-border plantings and focal points. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
Harvest flowers for cutting when fully open and vibrant red; cut early in the morning after dew dries. Stems last 7-10 days in a vase with fresh water. For seeds, allow flowers to dry completely on the plant, then collect mature seed capsules and dry indoors before storing in cool, dry conditions.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 The name 'Maltese Cross' derives from the distinctive five-petaled flower shape that resembles the heraldic Maltese cross symbol, historically associated with the Knights Hospitaller.
- 🌱 Native to Russia and the Caucasus region, Maltese Cross was a favorite of Victorian-era gardeners and remains a staple of traditional cottage gardens throughout Europe and North America.
- 🌱 The plant will self-seed readily in favorable conditions, allowing it to naturalize in gardens; collect and remove seed pods if you want to prevent volunteer seedlings.
Gardening Terms
New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:
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