How to Grow Kakadu Plum

Kakadu Plum

Terminalia ferdinandiana

tree

The Kakadu plum is an Australian native tree that produces small, oval fruits with exceptional vitamin C content—up to 100 times higher than oranges. These tropical and subtropical trees are deciduous, shedding leaves during the dry season, and can reach 15-20 meters in height in the wild. The fruit has a pleasant tart flavor and is increasingly cultivated for both fresh consumption and commercial processing.

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Example Kakadu Plum timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Kakadu Plum

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Kakadu Plum

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Kakadu Plum dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Full sun, 8+ hours daily for optimal fruit production
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Water: Moderate watering during growing season; tolerates drought once established. Reduce water during dormant dry season. Avoid waterlogging.
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Spacing: 240 inches
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Days to maturity: 1095-1460 (3-4 years from planting to first substantial fruit production)
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Planting depth: Plant nursery tree at same depth as root ball; direct seeding 1-1.5 inches deep

Soil

Type: Well-draining sandy to loamy soil
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Organic compost Aged manure Coarse sand for drainage Mulch to retain moisture

Growing Zones

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Thrives in tropical and subtropical zones 10-11; requires warm temperatures year-round

10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Seedling

3-6 months

Small plants with soft stems and developing true leaves, tender and vulnerable

Provide shelter from harsh sun and wind; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; protect from frost

2

Establishment

1-2 years

Young tree developing deeper root system and stronger branch structure; gradual height increase

Stake for support in windy areas; mulch heavily; maintain consistent watering; begin light shaping

3

Vegetative Growth

1-2 years

Rapid height and branch expansion; full canopy development with dense foliage

Prune for shape and structure; thin crowded branches; monitor for pests; continue deep watering

4

Flowering

3-6 weeks

Production of small, pale green to cream-colored flowers in panicles along branches

Minimal pruning during flowering; ensure adequate water; flowering typically occurs after dry season

5

Fruiting and Harvest

2-3 months

Small oval drupes develop from flowers, ripening to yellow-green color; fruit reaches peak vitamin C at full maturity

Provide consistent water during fruit development; avoid heavy pruning; harvest ripe fruit regularly

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Black walnut (allelopathic) Heavy root competitors in confined spaces

Common Pests

  • Use exclusion netting; remove fallen fruit; employ yellow sticky traps; consider bagging individual fruit clusters

  • Spray with neem oil or sulfur; maintain tree vigor through proper watering; prune affected branches

  • Hand-remove affected branches; apply horticultural oil spray; encourage beneficial insects

  • Remove and destroy infested branches; maintain tree health to prevent infestation; minimize tree stress

Uses

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High-vitamin superfruit and juice

Culinary

Kakadu plums are eaten fresh, blended into smoothies, or processed into juices and purees. The tart flavor pairs well with sweeter fruits in products like jams, cordials, and energy drinks. [source]

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Immune support and antioxidant

Medicinal

Indigenous Australian peoples have used kakadu plums traditionally for health benefits. Modern research confirms exceptional levels of vitamin C and antioxidants that support immune function and reduce oxidative stress. [source]

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Skin care and cosmetics

Household

High antioxidant content makes kakadu plum extract popular in premium skincare and cosmetic formulations designed to combat aging and improve skin radiance. [source]

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Jam, compote, and preserves

Culinary

The natural tartness and pectin content make kakadu plums excellent for making traditional jams, compotes, and preserves with minimal added sugar. [source]

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Native food source and habitat

Wildlife

As a native Australian tree, kakadu plums provide important food and shelter for indigenous wildlife, birds, and insects, supporting local ecosystems. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest fruit when skin turns from green to yellow-green, typically December-February in the Southern Hemisphere. Fruit should yield slightly to gentle pressure. Pick fruit regularly to encourage continued production. Handle gently as skin bruises easily. Ripe fruit can be eaten fresh or processed immediately. Store at room temperature for 1-2 weeks or refrigerate for longer shelf life.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Kakadu plums contain approximately 2,717-5,434 mg of vitamin C per 100g—up to 100 times more than oranges—making them one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C on Earth.
  • 🌱 The tree is named after Kakadu National Park in Australia's Northern Territory, where it grows wild and has been used by Indigenous Australian peoples for thousands of years.
  • 🌱 Kakadu plums are deciduous, shedding all leaves during Australia's dry season (May-September) as a water conservation strategy, then fully re-leafing during the wet season.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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