How to Grow Improved Henderson Lima Bean

Improved Henderson Lima Bean

Phaseolus lunatus

vegetable

Improved Henderson is a bush lima bean variety known for its compact growth, early maturity, and prolific production of small to medium lima beans. This dwarf cultivar is ideal for home gardeners with limited space and produces tender, flavorful beans suitable for fresh eating or preservation. It's a warm-season annual that thrives in full sun and well-draining soil.

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Example Improved Henderson Lima Bean timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Improved Henderson Lima Bean

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Improved Henderson Lima Bean

    Around Jun 21

    ≈ 65 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Improved Henderson Lima Bean dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 6-8 hours daily minimum
💧
Water: Moderate moisture; water deeply 1-2 times weekly. Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, especially during flowering and pod development. Reduce watering slightly once pods begin filling.
📏
Spacing: 4 inches
📅
Days to maturity: 65-75 days
🌱
Planting depth: 1-1.5 inches

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy soil with moderate fertility
pH: 6.0-7.0
Amendments:
Compost or aged manure before planting Avoid excessive nitrogen (promotes foliage over pods) Optional: bone meal for phosphorus

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 5-9; can be grown in zones 3-4 with protection and earlier seeding

3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a

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Growth Stages

1

Seed germination

7-10 days

Seeds absorb moisture and begin sprouting. Bean seed coats may crack as the radicle emerges.

Ensure soil temperature is at least 60°F (preferably 65-70°F). Maintain consistent moisture without waterlogging. Germination typically occurs in 7-10 days.

2

Seedling & early vegetative

2-3 weeks

First true leaves unfold; plant develops simple compound leaves and a sturdy stem. Bush form becomes apparent as plant establishes.

Thin seedlings to proper spacing (4 inches apart). Water gently to avoid disturbing young plants. No fertilizer needed yet if soil is adequately amended.

3

Vegetative growth

2-3 weeks

Plant develops dense foliage and reaches full bush height (12-18 inches). Branching increases and leaf area expands significantly.

Maintain consistent watering. Mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Side-dress with compost if needed, but avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers.

4

Flowering

1-2 weeks

Small white or pale yellow flowers appear in clusters at leaf axils. Flowers are self-pollinating and will develop into small green pods.

Keep soil evenly moist during this critical stage. Do not overwater, which can cause flower drop. Pollinating insects will visit; provide habitat if available.

5

Pod development & harvest

2-3 weeks (for fresh harvest); 3-4 weeks (for dry beans)

Flowers mature into small, flat green pods containing developing lima beans. Pods fill out and beans develop inside. Pods may turn brownish-gray as they mature on the bush.

Maintain steady moisture to prevent pod drop. Begin harvesting when pods are well-filled but still tender (green stage) or allow to mature fully for dry beans. Pick regularly to encourage continued production.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Fennel Lavender Rosemary Pole beans (for space) Other lima bean varieties (if seed saving)

Common Pests

  • Hand-pick beetles and egg clusters daily. Use row covers on seedlings. Apply neem oil or spinosad if infestation is heavy.

  • Spray with strong water jet to dislodge. Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil. Encourage ladybugs and parasitic wasps.

  • Increase humidity and water around plants. Use miticide spray (neem oil or sulfur) if severely infested.

  • Use row covers as preventative. Apply neem oil or insecticidal soap if damage appears.

  • Remove and destroy infested pods immediately. Use pheromone traps to monitor. Hand-pick larvae if visible.

Uses

🍳

Fresh & cooked lima beans

Culinary

Improved Henderson beans are prized for their tender, buttery texture and mild flavor when cooked fresh. They can be steamed, boiled, or added to soups and stews. [source]

🍳

Dried storage

Culinary

Mature dried Improved Henderson beans store for months and are excellent for winter cooking, succotash, bean salads, and traditional recipes. [source]

💊

Nutritional benefits

Medicinal

Lima beans are rich in fiber, plant-based protein, manganese, and folate, supporting digestive health and energy metabolism. [source]

🏠

Seed saving

Household

Improved Henderson is an open-pollinated heirloom variety, making it ideal for home seed saving. Allow pods to fully mature and dry, then extract and store seeds for next season. [source]

🦋

Nitrogen fixation

Wildlife

Like all legumes, lima beans fix atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules, enriching soil naturally and reducing need for added fertilizer in future plantings. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Harvest immature pods for fresh cooking when beans are full-sized but pods are still tender and green (approximately 65-75 days). For dried beans, allow pods to mature fully, turn brown-gray, and dry on the plant before harvesting. Pick regularly to encourage continued flowering and production. Wear gloves if harvesting frequently to prevent skin irritation from the plants.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Improved Henderson was developed in the late 1800s as a bush variety of the larger lima bean, making it popular among home gardeners who lacked space for vining varieties.
  • 🌱 Lima beans are native to Central and South America and were a staple food of the Inca civilization; 'lima' refers to the city of Lima, Peru, through which they were exported.
  • 🌱 The small, flattened shape of Improved Henderson beans makes them quicker to shell and cook compared to larger lima bean varieties, reducing preparation time.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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