How to Grow Herbaceous Ground Covers

Wikimedia Commons

Herbaceous Ground Covers

Various species (e.g., Ajuga reptans, Vinca minor, Thymus serpyllum)

groundcover

Herbaceous ground covers are low-growing plants that spread horizontally to blanket garden beds, suppress weeds, and prevent soil erosion. These versatile perennials and annuals range from 3-12 inches tall and create attractive, maintenance-reducing landscape solutions. They offer diverse colors, textures, and seasonal interest while requiring minimal care once established.

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Example Herbaceous Ground Covers timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Herbaceous Ground Covers

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Herbaceous Ground Covers

    Around Jul 16

    ≈ 90 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Herbaceous Ground Covers dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Varies by species: most prefer full sun (6-8 hours) to partial shade (3-6 hours); some shade-tolerant varieties thrive in 2-4 hours of dappled light
💧
Water: Moderate to low water needs once established; water regularly during first growing season to establish deep roots. Most herbaceous ground covers are drought-tolerant but perform best with 1-1.5 inches of water weekly during active growth
📏
Spacing: 6-18 inches apart depending on species and desired coverage rate; closer spacing achieves faster cover inches
📅
Days to maturity: 90-180 days to substantial coverage; full coverage typically requires 1-2 growing seasons
🌱
Planting depth: Plant at same depth as nursery container; bare-root divisions planted 2-3 inches deep

Soil

Type: Well-draining loamy to sandy soil; tolerates poor soil
pH: 5.5-7.5 (varies by species; most prefer neutral)
Amendments:
Compost for organic matter Perlite or coarse sand for drainage Mulch to retain moisture and regulate temperature

Growing Zones

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Most herbaceous ground covers thrive in zones 4-9, with cold-hardy varieties for zones 3-4 and heat-tolerant types for zones 9-10

3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

4-8 weeks

Young plants are small and sparse with minimal spread; soil is visible between plantings

Water consistently to establish deep root systems. Apply 1-2 inches of mulch around plants. Protect from foot traffic. Fertilize monthly with balanced fertilizer

2

Vegetative Spread

8-16 weeks

Plants expand horizontally through runners, stolons, or clumping; foliage begins filling gaps between plantings

Reduce watering frequency as roots establish. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage growth. Thin crowded areas if needed. Continue light fertilization

3

Flowering

4-12 weeks depending on species and climate

Many herbaceous ground covers produce colorful flowers (blues, purples, pinks, whites, yellows) above foliage; attracts pollinators

Deadhead regularly to extend bloom and redirect energy to foliage spread, or allow flowers for pollinator benefit. Reduce nitrogen fertilizer to avoid excess vegetative growth

4

Full Coverage

Ongoing maintenance phase

Mature plants form dense carpet completely covering soil; minimal weed penetration; lush foliage at peak density

Water only during drought. No fertilizer needed unless soil is severely depleted. Minimal pruning required; remove dead stems in spring. Divide every 3-5 years to rejuvenate

5

Dormancy (seasonal)

3-5 months in cold climates; none in warm climates

In cold climates, herbaceous ground covers die back to soil or go dormant; evergreen varieties retain foliage year-round

No watering needed. Remove dead foliage in late winter or early spring. Apply fresh mulch if needed. Cold-hardy varieties require no winter protection

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Spring bulbs (crocus, snowdrop, daffodil) Low-growing shrubs (dwarf boxwood, dwarf Japanese maple) Ornamental grasses (blue fescue, mondo grass) Shade-loving perennials (coral bells, hosta) Rock garden plants (sedum, sempervivum)

Avoid planting near:

Aggressive spreading plants (bishop's weed, mint) Deep-rooted shrubs that compete for nutrients Plants requiring very different moisture levels Allelopathic plants (black walnut, tree of heaven)

Common Pests

  • and

    Hand-pick, use beer traps, apply copper tape, encourage beneficial predators, reduce mulch depth near plants

  • Increase humidity through regular misting, spray with strong water stream, apply neem oil or insecticidal soap, ensure good air circulation

  • Improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering, remove infected foliage, apply sulfur dust or fungicide, plant in sunny locations

  • Ensure excellent drainage, avoid overwatering, remove and replace severely affected plants, apply fungicide to soil if mild

  • Spray with strong water, apply insecticidal soap, use horticultural oil, encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs

Uses

🏠

Erosion Control & Slope Stabilization

Household

Dense root systems bind soil and prevent runoff on slopes and embankments. Ground covers reduce maintenance compared to mowing hillsides and create attractive landscaping while protecting property from erosion. [source]

🦋

Pollinator & Beneficial Insect Habitat

Wildlife

Flowering ground covers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators; dense foliage provides shelter for ground-dwelling beneficial insects. Many varieties bloom for extended periods, supporting pollinators from spring through fall. [source]

🏠

Weed Suppression & Mulch Replacement

Household

Low-growing dense foliage outcompetes weeds for light and moisture, dramatically reducing weeding labor. Ground covers can replace or reduce mulch needs, lowering maintenance costs while improving aesthetics. [source]

🍳

Edible & Herbal Varieties

Culinary

Some herbaceous ground covers like creeping thyme, wild strawberry, and oregano are edible or medicinal. These dual-purpose plants provide ground coverage while offering culinary herbs or supplementary food production. [source]

🎨

Cut Flower & Foliage for Arrangements

Craft

Many herbaceous ground covers produce flowers suitable for cutting and display, and some offer attractive foliage for floral arrangements. Varieties like self-heal and ajuga provide colorful stems and blooms. [source]

Harvest Tips

Herbaceous ground covers are not typically harvested for consumption; however, foliage can be trimmed or divided throughout the growing season. For ornamental enjoyment, allow flowering and deadhead spent blooms to encourage continued flower production. Divide established plantings in spring or fall to create new plants and rejuvenate aging clumps

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum) produces fragrant foliage when stepped on and can tolerate light foot traffic, making it ideal for 'thyme lawns' that require less mowing and water than traditional turf grass.
  • 🌱 Ajuga (bugleweed) flowers are pollinator magnets; a single patch can attract hundreds of bees and butterflies during peak bloom, supporting garden ecosystems while requiring minimal care.
  • 🌱 Many herbaceous ground covers like vinca and sweet woodruff were traditionally used as ground covers in medieval castle gardens and monastery gardens over 800 years ago, proving their long-term durability and low-maintenance nature.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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