How to Grow Groundcover

Wikimedia Commons

Groundcover

Various species

groundcover

Groundcovers are low-growing plants that spread horizontally to form dense mats, typically ranging from a few inches to 2 feet tall. They serve functional and aesthetic purposes in landscaping, suppressing weeds, preventing soil erosion, and providing visual interest. Common groundcovers include creeping thyme, sedum, ivy, ajuga, and creeping phlox.

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Example Groundcover timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Groundcover

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Groundcover

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Groundcover dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Varies by species: Full sun (6+ hours) for sedums, creeping thyme, and ornamental grasses; partial shade (3-6 hours) for ajuga, ivy, and hostas; full shade (less than 3 hours) for shade-tolerant varieties like vinca and liriope
💧
Water: Varies by species; drought-tolerant groundcovers (sedums, creeping thyme) need minimal watering once established; shade-loving types (ivy, ajuga) prefer consistently moist soil; most prefer moderate watering during establishment phase (first growing season)
📏
Spacing: 6-18 inches apart depending on species and desired coverage rate (closer spacing for faster fill) inches
📅
Days to maturity: 60-180 days for initial establishment; full coverage typically 1-2 years
🌱
Planting depth: Plant at same depth as nursery pot; ensure crown is at soil level, not buried

Soil

Type: Well-draining soil; specific type varies by species (sandy, loamy, or rocky for drought-tolerant types)
pH: 5.5-7.5 (most species tolerate a wide range)
Amendments:
Compost or aged bark mulch for moisture retention Perlite or coarse sand for improved drainage Organic matter to improve soil structure

Growing Zones

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Varies by species; hardiness ranges from zones 2-11 depending on specific groundcover type

2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

4-8 weeks

Young plants are transplanted and begin rooting into new soil; growth is slow as energy focuses on root development rather than spreading

Water regularly to keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; apply mulch around plants (not touching stems) to retain moisture; avoid foot traffic; remove weeds regularly

2

Vegetative Growth

2-4 months

Plants develop stronger root systems and begin spreading horizontally; stems elongate and send out runners or stolons; foliage becomes denser

Water moderately as needed; gradually reduce frequency as drought tolerance increases; apply balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) monthly during growing season; pinch back stems if needed to encourage bushier growth; continue weed management

3

Spreading & Filling

2-12 months

Plants expand to fill allocated space; runners root at nodes creating new plantlets; dense mat begins to form and suppress weeds

Reduce watering for established drought-tolerant types; maintain consistent moisture for shade-loving types; apply slow-release fertilizer in spring; lightly prune to shape and encourage branching; no foot traffic until fully established

4

Maintenance & Maturity

Year 2 and beyond

Groundcover reaches full coverage and density; plant is fully established with strong root system; appearance stabilizes and becomes uniform

Water only during drought for drought-tolerant types; adjust watering schedule based on rain; fertilize annually in spring; prune or trim annually to maintain desired appearance and height; divide overcrowded sections every 2-3 years if needed; monitor for pests and diseases

5

Seasonal Changes

Ongoing, seasonal

Groundcover responds to seasonal variations; evergreen types maintain foliage year-round; deciduous types lose leaves in fall; some bloom seasonally with flowers or color changes

Remove fallen debris in fall to prevent disease; avoid heavy foot traffic in winter for frost-sensitive types; apply winter mulch in cold climates for tender species; prune dead growth in early spring; protect from harsh winds if needed

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Bulbs (tulips, daffodils, crocuses) planted above groundcovers Small shrubs (dwarf cotoneaster, Japanese holly) Ornamental grasses (mondo grass, blue fescue) Ferns (in shade settings) Perennials (coreopsis, salvias, catmint) Shade trees as overhanging canopy

Avoid planting near:

Deep-rooted trees that compete for moisture Aggressive spreading plants (bamboo, goutweed) Plants requiring different watering schedules in same bed Plants with allelopathic properties that inhibit growth Tall plants that shade or smother groundcover

Common Pests

  • Increase humidity with misting; spray with water to dislodge; use neem oil or insecticidal soap if severe; ensure adequate air circulation

  • and

    Remove debris and mulch to reduce hiding spots; hand-pick in early morning; use beer traps; apply diatomaceous earth; encourage natural predators like ground beetles

  • Improve air circulation by pruning; avoid overhead watering; apply sulfur dust or fungicide in early stages; remove affected foliage

  • Ensure excellent drainage; avoid overwatering; remove affected plants if severely diseased; apply fungicide to soil if caught early

  • Spray with strong water stream; use insecticidal soap or neem oil; introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs; remove severely infested stems

  • Hand-pull when soil is moist; apply pre-emergent herbicide before planting; maintain dense groundcover to suppress weed growth; mulch heavily between plantings

Uses

🏠

Erosion Control & Slope Stabilization

Household

Groundcovers prevent soil erosion on slopes and hillsides by stabilizing soil with their root systems and reducing water runoff impact. They are essential in landscaping for protecting embankments and preventing nutrient loss. [source]

🏠

Weed Suppression & Low-Maintenance Landscaping

Household

Dense groundcover mats naturally suppress weed growth by blocking sunlight and competing for resources, reducing the need for manual weeding or herbicides. This creates attractive, low-maintenance landscape areas. [source]

🦋

Pollinator & Wildlife Habitat

Wildlife

Flowering groundcovers like creeping phlox and sedums attract pollinators including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Dense groundcovers provide shelter and nesting habitat for beneficial insects and ground-dwelling creatures. [source]

🍳

Edible & Culinary Groundcovers

Culinary

Certain groundcovers like creeping thyme, mint varieties, and alpine strawberry are edible and provide fresh herbs and fruits for cooking and tea. These dual-purpose plants offer both aesthetic and culinary value. [source]

🎨

Aesthetic Landscaping & Garden Design

Craft

Groundcovers add visual interest, color, and texture to landscapes, create defined spaces, frame pathways, and fill gaps between shrubs and trees. They offer diverse foliage colors (gray, burgundy, variegated) and seasonal flowers. [source]

Harvest Tips

Groundcovers are not typically harvested for yield; however, foliage of edible/culinary types (creeping thyme, mint groundcovers) can be clipped as needed for fresh use; trim back by 1/3 annually in early spring to maintain vigor and density; deadhead spent flowers to encourage continued blooming in flowering groundcovers; take cuttings for propagation in spring or early summer during active growth

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Some groundcovers like creeping fig and ivy can cover over 100 square feet from a single plant over several years, making them economical for large-scale landscaping projects.
  • 🌱 Thyme groundcovers release aromatic oils when walked on, making them popular for between-stone plantings in pathways and medieval-style gardens.
  • 🌱 Certain groundcovers like sedum are highly drought-tolerant due to their succulent leaves that store water, allowing them to thrive in xeriscape gardens with minimal irrigation in arid climates.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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