How to Grow Franklinia

Franklinia

Franklinia alatamaha

tree

Franklinia is a rare, deciduous ornamental tree native to Georgia, known for its large, fragrant white flowers with golden stamens that bloom in late summer and fall. The tree also features attractive glossy green foliage that turns brilliant red-orange in autumn. It is extinct in the wild but widely cultivated as a prized landscape specimen.

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Example Franklinia timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Franklinia

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Franklinia

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Franklinia dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Partial shade to full sun; 4-6 hours of direct sun daily, with afternoon shade in hot climates
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Water: Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; water deeply during dry periods, especially in the first 2-3 years; avoid drought stress
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Spacing: 120-180 inches (10-15 feet between trees) inches
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Days to maturity: Flowering typically begins at 4-6 years of age; full maturity at 15-20 years
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Planting depth: Plant at same depth as root ball; do not bury the trunk

Soil

Type: Well-draining, acidic loamy soil enriched with organic matter
pH: 5.0-6.5
Amendments:
Peat moss compost aged bark mulch sulfur if pH is too high

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 5b-9a; performs best in zones 6-8

5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

First 2 years

Young tree with developing root system and initial stem growth

Water regularly to keep soil moist; apply 2-3 inches of mulch around base; avoid transplanting once established; provide protection from harsh winds

2

Vegetative Growth

Years 2-4

Tree develops strong branching structure and glossy green foliage; gradually increasing in size

Maintain consistent moisture; mulch annually with organic material; light pruning to shape; avoid heavy nitrogen fertilizers

3

Pre-flowering

Years 4-6

Tree reaches sufficient maturity to support flower bud development

Continue consistent watering and care; avoid overfertilizing; light pruning only; ensure good drainage

4

Flowering & Fruiting

August-October; ongoing annually

Large white flowers with yellow stamens appear in late summer through fall; followed by small fruit with seeds

Maintain consistent moisture during flowering; deadheading not necessary but can redirect energy; collect seeds in fall if desired

5

Dormancy & Fall Color

October-March

Foliage turns vibrant red-orange in autumn; leaves drop; tree enters winter rest period

Reduce watering slightly but maintain some soil moisture; apply mulch to protect roots; no pruning during dormancy

Companion Planting

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Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Black Walnut (produces juglone toxin) Highly competitive shallow-rooted trees Areas with poor drainage or standing water

Common Pests

  • Hand-pick in early morning; use Japanese beetle traps at distance from tree; neem oil or insecticidal soap if severe

  • Prune out heavily infested branches; horticultural oil spray in dormant season; insecticidal soap during growing season

  • Improve air circulation through light pruning; sulfur fungicide spray if needed; avoid overhead watering

  • Ensure excellent drainage; avoid waterlogged soil; remove affected roots if detected; apply fungicide to root zone if necessary

Uses

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Specimen Landscape Tree

Ornamental

Franklinia's showy white flowers, fragrance, and brilliant autumn foliage make it an exceptional focal point in gardens and landscapes. It is prized for its extended bloom period in late summer and fall. [source]

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Wildlife Support

Wildlife

Flowers attract pollinators including bees and butterflies; seeds provide food for birds; the tree offers habitat and nesting sites for various wildlife species. [source]

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Cut Flowers

Household

The fragrant white flowers can be cut for indoor floral arrangements, bringing beauty and scent into the home during late summer and early fall. [source]

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Historical Botanical Interest

Medicinal

Named after Benjamin Franklin, Franklinia holds historical botanical significance and has been studied by horticulturists and botanists for its unique characteristics and near-extinction recovery. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Seeds can be collected in fall when fruit capsules turn brown and begin to split; extract seeds and store in cool, dry conditions; germination is slow and benefits from stratification (cold treatment for 30-60 days)

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Franklinia is extinct in the wild but was saved from extinction by a Pennsylvania nurseryman named John Bartram, who collected seeds in the 1770s; all cultivated Franklinias today are descendants of those original specimens
  • 🌱 The tree is named after Benjamin Franklin, who was a patron of the Bartram family; it is Pennsylvania's official state tree
  • 🌱 Franklinia flowers emit a delightful fragrance that is most pronounced on warm afternoons and evenings, attracting pollinators and delighting observers

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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