How to Grow Drought-tolerant ground covers

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Drought-tolerant ground covers

Various species (Sempervivum, Sedum, Thymus, Arctostaphylos, etc.)

groundcover

Drought-tolerant ground covers are low-growing plants that spread horizontally to cover soil, requiring minimal water once established. These versatile plants include sedums, creeping thyme, ice plant, and many others that thrive in dry conditions. They are ideal for xeriscaping, erosion control, and reducing maintenance in arid or water-conscious gardens.

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Example Drought-tolerant ground covers timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Drought-tolerant ground covers

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Drought-tolerant ground covers

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Drought-tolerant ground covers dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun to partial shade (6+ hours of sunlight daily; most prefer full sun)
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Water: Very low water needs once established (typically 2-4 weeks without water). Water lightly during establishment phase (first 4-6 weeks). Mature plants require supplemental water only during extreme drought.
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Spacing: 6-18 inches apart, depending on variety and desired fill rate inches
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Days to maturity: 60-120 days to establish; full coverage typically 6-12 months
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Planting depth: Plant crowns at soil surface level; do not bury. Seeds sown on surface or lightly pressed into soil.

Soil

Type: Well-draining sandy or gravelly soil, low fertility preferred
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Coarse sand or perlite for drainage Gravel mulch Minimal compost (sandy loam base sufficient)

Growing Zones

Find your zone →

Varies by species; most drought-tolerant groundcovers thrive in zones 4-9, with some hardy to zone 2 and others tolerating zone 10

2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

4-6 weeks

Young plants are small, with minimal foliage. Root systems are developing.

Water lightly but regularly (2-3 times weekly) to establish roots. Protect from foot traffic. Apply thin mulch around (not on) crowns.

2

Vegetative Growth

2-4 months

Plants expand horizontally, filling in gaps. Foliage becomes denser and more robust.

Reduce watering frequency as roots deepen. Remove any competing weeds. Optional light fertilization with low-nitrogen formula.

3

Maturation

Ongoing

Plants achieve full spread, creating continuous ground cover. Foliage is thick and healthy.

Water only during prolonged drought. Trim or shear if needed to maintain shape. Minimal maintenance required.

4

Flowering

2-6 weeks (varies by species and season)

Many species produce small colorful flowers (pink, white, yellow, purple). Blooms may attract pollinators.

Do not deadhead unless appearance is a concern; seeds feed wildlife. Flowering does not compromise drought tolerance.

5

Dormancy/Winter

Variable by zone

In cold climates, foliage may change color, die back, or remain evergreen depending on species.

No watering needed. Do not apply heavy mulch over evergreen types. Hard prune in spring if needed.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Water-loving plants (hostas, astilbe, ferns) Plants requiring rich soil Species that dislike dry conditions High-maintenance perennials needing frequent irrigation

Common Pests

  • Spray with water or neem oil if infestation occurs; improve air circulation; rarely a serious issue in established plantings

  • Ensure excellent drainage; avoid overwatering; remove affected plants and amend soil

  • and

    Hand-pick; encourage ground beetles and predators; use copper tape barriers if needed

  • Spray with strong water jet or insecticidal soap; beneficial insects typically manage populations

Uses

🏠

Xeriscaping & water conservation

Household

Drought-tolerant groundcovers reduce irrigation needs by 50-80% compared to conventional lawns, lowering water bills and environmental impact. They are essential for sustainable landscaping in arid climates. [source]

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Erosion control and soil stabilization

Household

Shallow root systems bind soil particles on slopes and prevent runoff. Dense coverage protects topsoil from wind and water erosion. [source]

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Culinary herb production (thyme varieties)

Culinary

Creeping thyme and other edible groundcover varieties provide fresh herbs for cooking, garnishing, and teas. Flavor is often more concentrated than upright varieties. [source]

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Pollinator and beneficial insect habitat

Wildlife

Flowering groundcovers attract bees, butterflies, and beneficial insects while providing ground-level shelter. Many species bloom when other nectar sources are scarce. [source]

🎨

Ornamental landscaping and design

Craft

Wide range of colors, textures, and growth rates allows creative landscape design. Groundcovers can define spaces, soften hardscapes, and add visual interest year-round. [source]

Harvest Tips

Not applicable for ornamental groundcovers. For culinary varieties like creeping thyme: pinch leaves and stems as needed for cooking throughout the growing season, ideally in morning after dew dries. Can be lightly harvested during establishment and throughout maturity without harming plant.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Sedums and sempervivums are so drought-tolerant they can survive on rooftops; living green roofs reduce building temperature by up to 30°F.
  • 🌱 Creeping thyme was traditionally planted between flagstones in medieval gardens; walking on it released aromatic oils, and it required no mowing.
  • 🌱 Many drought-tolerant groundcovers store water in fleshy leaves (succulents), allowing them to survive 2-3 months without rain once established.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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