How to Grow Desert-adapted groundcovers

Wikimedia Commons

Desert-adapted groundcovers

Various species (e.g., Delosperma spp., Dymondia margaretae, Aptenia cordifolia)

groundcover

Desert-adapted groundcovers are low-growing, drought-tolerant plants that spread horizontally to cover soil, suppress weeds, and reduce water needs in arid landscapes. These hardy plants thrive in hot, dry conditions with minimal water and maintenance once established. They're ideal for xeriscaping, rock gardens, and other water-wise landscape applications.

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Example Desert-adapted groundcovers timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Desert-adapted groundcovers

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Desert-adapted groundcovers

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Desert-adapted groundcovers dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 8+ hours daily; some species tolerate partial shade
💧
Water: Very drought-tolerant once established; water sparingly during establishment (1-2 months). Mature plants need little to no supplemental watering in arid climates; reduce watering in winter dormancy.
📏
Spacing: 12-24 inches apart (varies by species; check specific cultivar) inches
📅
Days to maturity: 60-120 days to visible coverage; full coverage 1-2 years
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Planting depth: Plant at soil surface or slightly below; do not bury crowns

Soil

Type: Well-draining sandy or gravelly soil; poor to moderate fertility acceptable
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Perlite or pumice for drainage Coarse sand Gravel mulch Compost (minimal, 10-20%)

Growing Zones

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Zones 5-11; most thrive in zones 8-10

5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

4-8 weeks

Young transplants or seedlings are small and fragile with minimal root systems

Water lightly but consistently for 4-8 weeks. Mulch lightly with gravel (not organic mulch, which retains moisture). Protect from extreme heat and foot traffic. Remove weeds competing for resources.

2

Vegetative Growth

2-6 months

Plant develops runner stems or spreading rosettes; foliage expands horizontally across soil

Gradually reduce watering frequency as roots deepen. Space plants appropriately to allow for spreading. Remove any winter-damaged stems in spring. Weed competition declines as coverage increases.

3

Flowering

4-8 weeks

Many desert groundcovers produce colorful flowers (pink, yellow, purple, red, white) above foliage

Blooms appear in spring or early summer depending on species. No special care needed; flowers attract pollinators. Deadheading is optional but can encourage more blooms in some species.

4

Full Coverage

Year-round (1+ years to achieve full coverage)

Mat fully carpets intended area with dense foliage; minimal weeds visible; plants interconnected

Virtually maintenance-free once established. Drought-tolerant; no supplemental watering needed in most climates. Light pruning to remove dead wood in early spring. Monitor for occasional pest issues.

5

Winter Dormancy

2-4 months (depending on zone)

In cooler zones, foliage may brown, yellow, or thin as growth slows; some evergreen species persist

Stop watering entirely or reduce to minimal levels. Do not fertilize. Remove dead or damaged stems in early spring after danger of frost passes. Avoid foot traffic on frozen plants.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Water-loving perennials (hostas, ferns, astilbes) Plants requiring regular irrigation Species competing for similar shallow root space without complementary root depth Tender annuals sensitive to drought stress

Common Pests

  • Spray with water or insecticidal soap; provide adequate air circulation; rarely a serious issue in established plantings

  • Remove by hand; apply neem oil or insecticidal soap; ensure well-draining soil to reduce moisture-related susceptibility

  • Improve drainage; reduce watering frequency; do not mulch with organic material that retains moisture; replant in amended soil if severe

  • and (in moister microclimates)

    Remove debris where pests hide; use copper tape barriers; hand-pick; dryer conditions generally prevent problems

Uses

🏠

Erosion control and soil stabilization

Household

Dense, spreading root systems and low-growing foliage stabilize slopes, reduce erosion in arid environments, and minimize soil disturbance. These plants are particularly valuable for preventing dust and runoff on disturbed or exposed areas. [source]

🏠

Water conservation and xeriscaping

Household

Desert groundcovers require minimal to no supplemental water once established, significantly reducing landscape irrigation needs and water bills. They are cornerstone plants in drought-resistant landscape design and sustainable gardening. [source]

🦋

Pollinator and wildlife habitat

Wildlife

Colorful spring flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators while providing nectar and pollen sources. The dense foliage offers shelter for ground-nesting bees, beneficial insects, and small mammals. [source]

🏠

Aesthetic landscaping and weed suppression

Household

Diverse colors, textures, and flower displays create attractive, low-maintenance landscape features while dense coverage naturally suppresses weeds and reduces overall garden maintenance demands. [source]

🎨

Container gardening and rock garden displays

Craft

Many desert groundcovers are perfectly suited to shallow containers, troughs, alpine pots, and rock gardens, allowing gardeners in any climate to enjoy these hardy plants indoors or on patios with proper drainage. [source]

Harvest Tips

Groundcovers are not harvested for food; however, cuttings can be propagated in spring or early summer by taking 2-3 inch stems, allowing to callus 1-2 days, then planting in well-draining soil. Established plants can be divided in spring for transplanting to new areas.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Desert groundcovers like ice plant (Delosperma) have developed specialized succulent leaves that store water, allowing them to survive months without rain. Some can lose 80% of their water content and recover within days of precipitation.
  • 🌱 Many desert groundcover species are native to extreme environments such as the Namib Desert (Dymondia margaretae from Namibia) and South African semi-arid regions, where they evolved alongside grazing animals and severe drought conditions.
  • 🌱 Desert groundcovers can reduce surface soil temperature by up to 10-15°F compared to bare soil or hardscape, providing microclimate benefits to nearby plants while also reducing heat reflected into surrounding areas.

Gardening Terms

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