How to Grow Pig's Ear

Pig's Ear

Cotyledon orbiculata

succulent

Cotyledon orbiculata is a tender succulent shrub native to South Africa, prized for its distinctive fleshy, rounded leaves with reddish or bronze-tinted edges. It produces striking tubular flowers in shades of orange and red that attract pollinators. This drought-tolerant plant is popular in xeriscaping and container gardening.

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Example Pig's Ear timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Pig's Ear

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Pig's Ear

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Pig's Ear dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 6+ hours daily; tolerates partial shade but prefers bright light
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Water: Water deeply but infrequently; allow soil to dry completely between waterings. Reduce watering in winter to prevent root rot. In humid climates, water even less frequently.
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Spacing: 12 inches
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Days to maturity: N/A (not harvest-based; flowers appear in 2-3 years from young plants)
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Planting depth: 0.25 inches (shallow; seeds should barely be covered)

Soil

Type: Well-draining cactus or succulent soil mix
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Perlite or pumice (30-40% of mix) Coarse sand Compost (10-20%)

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 9b-11; grown as a tender annual or houseplant in cooler zones

9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Seedling

3-4 weeks

Tiny rosette of rounded leaves emerges; plants are delicate and susceptible to damping off

Provide bright light, minimal water (soil just barely moist), excellent drainage, and warm temperatures (70-75°F). Avoid overwatering.

2

Vegetative Growth

6-12 months

Plant develops larger rosette; leaves thicken and become increasingly waxy; characteristic round leaf shape becomes pronounced

Allow soil to dry between waterings. Provide full sun for best leaf color development. Feed sparingly with diluted low-nitrogen succulent fertilizer once monthly in growing season.

3

Maturation

12-24 months

Plant grows into a shrubby form, 12-24 inches tall; leaves develop deeper coloring and reddish or bronze tints at edges

Maintain full sun exposure. Pinch back stems occasionally to encourage branching and bushier growth. Continue minimal watering and light feeding.

4

Flowering

4-8 weeks (spring to early summer)

Terminal flower spikes emerge with tubular flowers in orange, red, or coral tones; flowers are attractive to hummingbirds and bees

Do not fertilize heavily during flowering. Maintain consistent but dry conditions. Flowers last several weeks; leave spent flowers if seeds are desired.

5

Post-Flowering & Dormancy

4-6 months (fall/winter)

Flowers fade and seed pods develop (if pollinated); plant enters slower growth period in winter months

Reduce watering significantly. Move indoor if temperatures drop below 45°F. Minimal feeding. Plant may appear dormant but is conserving energy.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Water-loving plants Plants requiring frequent watering Humidity-loving ferns and tropical plants

Common Pests

  • Remove with cotton swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol; spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap; improve air circulation

  • Ensure excellent drainage; reduce watering frequency; repot in fresh soil if roots are mushy; may require fungicide treatment

  • Scrape off by hand; apply neem oil or horticultural oil spray; isolate infested plants

  • Increase humidity slightly (but maintain good air circulation); spray with water; use miticide if severe

Uses

🏠

Drought-Tolerant Container Plant

Household

Cotyledon orbiculata is excellent for pots, planters, and mixed succulent containers, requiring minimal maintenance and water. Its attractive foliage and striking flowers make it a low-effort indoor or outdoor accent plant. [source]

🍳

Edible Leaves (Traditional Use)

Culinary

In South Africa, leaves are occasionally used in traditional cooking and can be eaten raw or cooked, with a mildly succulent, tangy flavor. However, large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. [source]

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Traditional Wound Healing

Medicinal

Historically used in South African traditional medicine, the fresh leaves are applied topically to minor cuts and wounds due to antimicrobial properties. Modern scientific validation is limited but traditional use is well-documented. [source]

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Pollinator Attraction

Wildlife

The vibrant tubular flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds, bees, and other pollinators, making it valuable in wildlife gardens. Provides nectar-rich blooms in spring and early summer. [source]

🎨

Propagation & Gardening Hobby

Craft

Cotyledon orbiculata is readily propagated from leaves and cuttings, making it ideal for plant propagation enthusiasts and gift-giving. A single leaf can generate a new plant, making it a rewarding beginner succulent. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

This is an ornamental plant, not typically harvested for food. For seed collection, allow flowers to go to seed; collect dry seed pods in late summer. For propagation, take leaf or stem cuttings in spring or summer; allow cut ends to callus for 2-3 days before inserting into dry soil.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Cotyledon orbiculata is sometimes called 'Pig's Ear' due to the shape and texture of its rounded, fleshy leaves, which resemble a pig's ear
  • 🌱 The plant's red or bronze leaf tints intensify under stress (such as drought or intense sun), a protective mechanism that is also valued by gardeners for enhanced ornamental appeal
  • 🌱 Native to the arid regions of South Africa, this succulent has evolved to store water in its leaves and can survive weeks or months without watering, making it nearly impossible to kill through neglect

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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