How to Grow Clearfield Rice

Wikimedia Commons

Clearfield Rice

Oryza sativa

grass

Clearfield rice is a herbicide-tolerant variety of cultivated rice developed through conventional breeding to resist imidazolinone herbicides. It allows farmers to use specific herbicides for weed control while protecting the rice crop. This technology has become widely adopted in rice-growing regions for improved weed management.

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Example Clearfield Rice timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Clearfield Rice

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Clearfield Rice

    Around Aug 5

    ≈ 110 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Clearfield Rice dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 8+ hours daily
💧
Water: Requires continuous or intermittent flooding throughout growing season; 40-60 inches total water needed annually. Maintain 2-6 inches of standing water during vegetative and reproductive stages.
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Spacing: 6-8 inches between rows (for broadcast seeding), or 4-6 inches between hills for transplanted seedlings inches
📅
Days to maturity: 110-130 days depending on variety and growing conditions
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Planting depth: 0.5-1.5 inches deep for direct seeding; transplant seedlings at 20-30 days old

Soil

Type: Flooded clay or silt loam soil with good water retention
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Nitrogen fertilizer (100-150 lbs/acre) Phosphorus (40-60 lbs/acre) Potassium (40-60 lbs/acre) Zinc if deficient Organic matter to improve structure

Growing Zones

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Thrives in warm zones 8-10, particularly suited to southern U.S. rice-growing regions

8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b

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Growth Stages

1

Pre-germination & Seedling

7-14 days (germination), 20-30 days (nursery growth for transplants)

Seeds are either soaked and broadcast, or planted in nursery beds. Seedlings develop first leaves and root systems.

Keep seedbed flooded or moist; maintain 75-85°F soil temperature for optimal germination. Direct seed at 150-200 lbs/acre or prepare transplant nurseries.

2

Vegetative/Tillering

40-50 days

Plant develops multiple shoots (tillers) from the base; stem and leaf growth accelerates. Plants establish 4-8 productive tillers.

Maintain 2-4 inches of standing water. Apply nitrogen fertilizer in split applications. Apply imidazolinone herbicides at 2-4 leaf stage to control weeds. Monitor for early pests and diseases.

3

Reproductive/Booting

15-20 days

Panicle (flower head) emerges from leaf sheath; plant stops producing new tillers and focuses energy on grain development.

Maintain consistent 2-6 inches standing water. Reduce nitrogen to prevent lodging. Monitor for blast disease and insects. Ensure adequate potassium for grain fill.

4

Flowering & Grain Fill

20-30 days

Panicle fully emerges with florets opening; pollination occurs (typically self-pollinating). Grains begin to fill and mature.

Maintain water levels but begin gradual draining 2-3 weeks before maturity. Avoid extreme temperature fluctuations. Monitor for grain-feeding insects and birds.

5

Maturation & Harvest

15-20 days

Grains harden and lose moisture; hulls turn golden-brown. Plant is ready for harvest when moisture drops to 20-25%.

Drain field 1-2 weeks before harvest. Harvest when grains are hard but before they become brittle. Dry grain to 12-14% moisture for storage.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Fish (in integrated rice-fish systems) Azolla (nitrogen-fixing fern in flooded systems) Sesbania (green manure/nitrogen source)

Avoid planting near:

Non-Clearfield rice varieties (cross-pollination risk) Susceptible crops in rotation without herbicide resistance Wheat and barley (in fields with herbicide residue)

Common Pests

  • Insecticide applications at boot stage; crop rotation; removal of crop residue

  • Resistant varieties; insecticides; proper nitrogen management to reduce plant susceptibility

  • Seed treatments; delayed flooding; insecticides; crop rotation

  • Insecticide sprays; light traps; biological control agents

Uses

🍳

Staple grain for human consumption

Culinary

Clearfield rice grains are milled into white or brown rice and serve as a primary staple carbohydrate for billions of people worldwide. It can be cooked as steamed rice, risotto, rice flour, or in numerous traditional dishes. [source]

🍳

Industrial food processing

Culinary

Rice grain is processed into rice flour, rice bran, rice oil, and rice-based beverages. Clearfield varieties are used in commercial food manufacturing due to consistent quality and herbicide-free product assurance. [source]

🏠

Animal feed and livestock grain

Household

Bran, broken rice, and whole grain are valuable feed ingredients for poultry, swine, and cattle. The herbicide-resistant trait ensures clean, contaminant-free feed. [source]

🌿

Weed management efficiency

Agricultural

The Clearfield trait enables farmers to use imidazolinone herbicides for selective weed control, improving yields and reducing hand-weeding labor. This agricultural innovation increases productivity in rice cultivation. [source]

🌿

Reduced herbicide application burden

Environmental

Clearfield technology allows targeted herbicide use instead of broad-spectrum applications, potentially reducing overall chemical inputs when properly managed. Cleaner fields result in better quality grain. [source]

Harvest Tips

Harvest when grain moisture reaches 20-25% using combine harvesters. Allow field to dry for 1-2 weeks after draining. Harvest promptly when ready to prevent grain loss from shattering. Grain should be dried to 12-14% moisture content before storage. Separate chaff and debris using grain cleaners.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Clearfield rice was developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center using conventional breeding, not genetic modification, making it acceptable in organic-certified systems in some regions.
  • 🌱 The imidazolinone herbicide family used with Clearfield rice works by inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS), an enzyme essential for branched-chain amino acid synthesis in plants, effectively stopping weed growth while the rice tolerates it.
  • 🌱 Clearfield technology has been widely adopted in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi, representing over 30% of rice acreage in some U.S. regions due to its effectiveness against problematic weeds like red rice and barnyardgrass.

Gardening Terms

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