How to Grow Cheyenne Broomcorn

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Cheyenne Broomcorn

Sorghum bicolor subsp. technicum

grass

Cheyenne broomcorn is a sorghum variety cultivated specifically for its rigid, fine panicles used in traditional broom-making. The plant grows tall with sturdy stems and produces distinctive seed heads that have been harvested for centuries to craft brooms, brushes, and other household items. It is a drought-tolerant, warm-season crop that thrives in arid and semi-arid regions.

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Example Cheyenne Broomcorn timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Cheyenne Broomcorn

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Cheyenne Broomcorn

    Around Aug 15

    ≈ 120 days after planting

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Cheyenne Broomcorn dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Full sun, 8+ hours daily
💧
Water: Drought-tolerant once established; water moderately during establishment and early growth. Requires 15-25 inches of rainfall or irrigation annually. Reduce watering as plants mature to promote fiber quality.
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Spacing: 6 inches
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Days to maturity: 120-150 days
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Planting depth: 1-1.5 inches

Soil

Type: Well-draining sandy loam to loamy soil; tolerates poor, dry soils
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Compost or aged manure for organic matter Phosphate fertilizer Potassium sulfate if soil testing indicates deficiency

Growing Zones

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Thrives in zones 5-9, best in zones 6-8 for consistent yields

4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a

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Growth Stages

1

Seedling

2-3 weeks

Young plants with 2-4 leaves, thin green shoots emerging from soil

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Thin seedlings to proper spacing once 3-4 inches tall. Protect from birds.

2

Vegetative/Tillering

4-6 weeks

Plants develop multiple tillers (side shoots), strong root systems, 12-24 inches tall with expanding leaf canopy

Apply balanced fertilizer if soil is poor. Ensure adequate spacing to prevent competition. Monitor for early pests.

3

Stem Elongation

4-6 weeks

Rapid height growth, plants reaching 4-8 feet tall with thick, rigid stems and full foliage

Reduce nitrogen to avoid excessive leaf growth that reduces fiber quality. Support tall varieties in windy areas if needed.

4

Panicle Development & Bloom

3-4 weeks

Seed heads (panicles) emerge from boot stage and develop; fine, delicate branching structure appears

Minimal supplemental watering; water stress actually improves fiber quality and color. Monitor for webworms and other pests.

5

Maturity & Harvest Ready

2-3 weeks

Panicles fully developed, straw-colored or reddish, seeds mature and hard, stems browning and drying

Allow complete desiccation in field. Harvest when panicles are fully dry and brittle for best broom-making fiber quality.

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Legumes (nitrogen fixation) Cowpeas Buckwheat (cover crop)

Avoid planting near:

Other grain sorghums (cross-pollination concerns) Corn (similar pest and disease pressures) Johnson grass (aggressive weed relative)

Common Pests

  • Hand-pick affected panicles, use Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), ensure proper crop rotation

  • Monitor for populations, encourage natural predators, apply neem oil if severe

  • Handpick, use pheromone traps, apply Bt spray in early infestations

  • Netting over panicles, reflective tape, noise deterrents during seed maturation

  • Choose resistant varieties, improve air circulation, remove infected plant debris, fungicide spray if available

Uses

🎨

Broom & Brush Making

Craft

The stiff, fine panicles are the traditional material for crafting corn brooms and cleaning brushes. Cheyenne broomcorn is prized for its uniform fiber length and strength, making it ideal for both commercial and hand-crafted brooms. [source]

🏠

Decorative & Craft Items

Household

Dried panicles are used in dried flower arrangements, wreaths, and rustic home décor. The natural tan to reddish color adds texture to floral designs and craft projects. [source]

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Seed & Grain Use

Culinary

While primarily a fiber crop, broomcorn seeds can be used as birdseed, livestock feed, or ground into flour for specialty baking when desired. [source]

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Wildlife Food & Habitat

Wildlife

Seeds and plant structure provide valuable food for birds and beneficial insects. The tall plants create habitat structure in agricultural systems. [source]

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Sustainable & Heirloom Craft

Household

Broomcorn production represents a sustainable, low-input agricultural tradition being revived by homesteaders and artisans interested in heirloom skills and zero-waste living. [source]

Harvest Tips

Harvest panicles when completely dry and brittle, typically 130-150 days after planting. Cut panicles 6-8 inches below the seedhead with a sharp knife or sickle. Bundle loosely and cure for 2-4 weeks in a dry, well-ventilated space away from rain. Strip seeds from panicles before storing or using for broom-making. Peak quality fiber results when plants experience mild water stress during final growth stages.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Cheyenne broomcorn was a major cash crop in the American West during the 19th and early 20th centuries, with Oklahoma and Kansas being the primary production regions; broomcorn cultivation is now experiencing a revival among homesteaders and sustainable agriculture practitioners.
  • 🌱 The name 'broomcorn' is misleading—it is actually a variety of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), not corn. The term arose because early European settlers used the panicles similarly to corn husks for household applications.
  • 🌱 A single mature broomcorn plant can produce enough fiber material for one traditional broom, and the crop requires minimal inputs, making it attractive for small-scale and organic producers interested in traditional crafts and low-cost fiber production.

Gardening Terms

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