How to Grow Bergamot Scarlet
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Bergamot Scarlet
Monarda didyma 'Scarlet'
flowerBergamot Scarlet is a vibrant perennial with brilliant red-scarlet tubular flowers arranged in dense, shaggy flower heads that attract hummingbirds and pollinators. Also known as bee balm, this aromatic plant produces fragrant foliage and blooms mid to late summer. It is a reliable garden performer that naturalizes well and provides long-lasting color.
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Example Bergamot Scarlet timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)
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Plant Bergamot Scarlet
Around Apr 17Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.
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Tend & protect
Late spring–summerWatering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.
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First Bergamot Scarlet blooms
Around Jun 16≈ 60 days after planting
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Growing Conditions
Soil
Growing Zones
Find your zone →Thrives in zones 3-9; best performance in zones 4-7
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Seedling
2-3 weeksTiny seedlings with cotyledons and first true leaves emerge within 7-14 days
Keep soil moist; provide bottom heat (65-70°F) if starting indoors. Transplant when 2-3 true leaves appear.
Vegetative
4-6 weeksYoung plants develop sturdy stems and opposite, lance-shaped aromatic leaves; plant grows bushy and compact
Pinch back growing tips when 6 inches tall to encourage branching. Space plants 18 inches apart. Water consistently.
Budding & Flowering
6-8 weeksDense flower heads form at stem tips, with buds gradually opening to reveal scarlet tubular flowers arranged in characteristic bee balm pompoms
Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continued blooming. Ensure good air circulation to prevent powdery mildew. Stake tall varieties if needed.
Peak Bloom
4-6 weeks (mid-July through August)Full flower heads in brilliant scarlet display; flowers attract hummingbirds and butterflies continuously throughout this period
Water at base of plant, not overhead. Monitor for pests and disease. Divide every 3-4 years to maintain vigor.
Seed Development & Fall
4-8 weeksFlowers fade to brown seed heads; foliage may show fall color before dying back for winter
Leave seed heads for wildlife food and winter interest, or deadhead to prevent self-seeding. Cut back stems to 2-3 inches in late fall or early spring.
Companion Planting
Plan your garden →Plant with:
Avoid planting near:
Common Pests
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Improve air circulation with proper spacing, avoid overhead watering, apply sulfur or neem oil spray if needed. Select disease-resistant cultivars.
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Increase humidity, spray with water, apply insecticidal soap or horticultural oil if infestation is severe.
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Spray with strong water stream, apply insecticidal soap, or use neem oil. Encourage natural predators like ladybugs.
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Hand-pick early morning, use row covers, apply neem oil, or use pheromone traps placed away from garden.
Uses
Herbal Tea & Beverages
CulinaryFresh or dried leaves and flowers make a fragrant, minty herbal tea with a citrus note reminiscent of bergamot orange. Use 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb per cup of hot water, or several fresh leaves. [source]
Garnish & Flavoring
CulinaryVibrant scarlet flowers serve as an attractive, edible garnish for salads, cocktails, and desserts. Flowers have a pleasant minty, citrusy flavor that complements both sweet and savory dishes. [source]
Traditional Herbal Remedy
MedicinalBergamot has been used in traditional medicine to support respiratory health, digestion, and general wellness. Contains thymol, an antimicrobial compound also found in thyme. [source]
Hummingbird & Pollinator Magnet
WildlifeA premier nectar source that attracts ruby-throated hummingbirds, butterflies, bees, and other pollinators throughout mid and late summer. Essential for supporting pollinator populations in the garden. [source]
Fragrant Dried Arrangements & Potpourri
HouseholdDried scarlet flower heads retain color and fragrance for months, making them ideal for dried arrangements, wreaths, and botanical displays. Add dried leaves to potpourri for a citrusy, minty scent. [source]
This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.
Harvest Tips
Cut flowers in early morning after dew dries for fresh arrangements; they last 7-10 days in water. Harvest leaves throughout the growing season just before flowering for maximum flavor and aroma. For dried flowers and foliage, cut when flowers are fully open and hang upside down in a warm, dry, well-ventilated area.
Fun Facts
- 🌱 Bergamot Scarlet is native to eastern North America and was used by Native Americans and early colonists as a medicinal tea for colds and fevers; the common name 'bee balm' comes from its historical use as a substitute for tea after the Boston Tea Party.
- 🌱 The plant's tubular flowers are specifically adapted for hummingbird pollination, with their long tubular shape perfectly fitting a hummingbird's beak and tongue.
- 🌱 Bergamot foliage contains aromatic oils and emits a strong, pleasant fragrance when brushed or crushed, similar to the bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia) despite being a completely different plant—the name refers to the similar citrus-like scent.
Gardening Terms
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