How to Grow Anubias Nana

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Anubias Nana

Anubias barteri var. nana

aquatic plant

Anubias nana is a dwarf aquatic plant native to West Africa, characterized by small, heart-shaped dark green leaves and a compact, slow-growing habit. It thrives as a low-light aquarium plant and is popular in freshwater planted tanks, paludariums, and terraria. This hardy species is nearly impossible to kill and provides excellent foreground coverage or accent planting.

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Example Anubias Nana timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Anubias Nana

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Anubias Nana

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Anubias Nana dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Low to moderate light (2-3 watts per gallon or 20-40 PAR); tolerates shade better than most aquatic plants; avoid intense direct light which promotes algae
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Water: Keep water temperature 72-82°F (22-28°C); stable water parameters critical (pH 6.0-7.5, KH 3-8 dKH); perform 25-50% water changes weekly; avoid sudden changes; does not require CO2 but benefits from it
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Spacing: Plant 4-6 inches apart depending on desired density and tank layout; allow space for rhizome growth inches
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Days to maturity: 180-365 days (very slow-growing; can take 6-12 months to establish and fill in)
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Planting depth: Do NOT bury the rhizome (horizontal stem); tie or glue the plant to rocks or driftwood using fishing line or plant glue so the rhizome sits above substrate; roots will develop downward

Soil

Type: Nutrient-rich aquarium substrate or attached to hardscape (driftwood, rocks, or roots)
pH: 6.0-7.5
Amendments:
Liquid all-in-one fertilizer (e.g., Thrive, EasyLife, or similar) Macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) if deficiencies appear Micronutrients and trace elements (iron, boron, manganese)

Growth Stages

1

Acclimation

1-2 weeks

Newly introduced plant may appear stressed with slight yellowing or slow growth as it adjusts to aquarium conditions

Maintain stable water parameters; avoid fertilizer overdosing; provide consistent lighting; be patient for 1-2 weeks

2

Establishment

2-4 weeks

Plant stabilizes, new root growth appears, and existing leaves remain healthy; growth is minimal but noticeable

Begin light fertilization (half-dose); ensure rhizome is not buried; maintain 25% weekly water changes; check for algae growth on leaves

3

Vegetative Growth

2-6 months

New leaves emerge from the rhizome at a slow, steady rate; plant develops a more robust root system and fuller appearance

Continue regular fertilization (full-dose if using all-in-one); remove dead or damaged leaves; gently clean leaves with soft brush if algae accumulates; consider adding CO2 for faster growth

4

Mature Plant

Indefinite (months to years)

Plant reaches desired size and density with consistent leaf production; established root system is well-developed

Maintain regular fertilization and water changes; prune or trim as needed; propagate by dividing rhizome if desired; monitor for nutrient deficiencies (yellowing, stunted growth)

5

Reproduction

Variable (flowers appear sporadically; propagation takes 2-4 months per new plant)

Small flowering spathes may emerge (rare in aquarium conditions); rhizome develops offshoots that can be separated for propagation

Flowers are not essential for growth; manually propagate by cutting rhizome into sections (each with 2-3 leaves); new plantlets develop slowly from divisions

Companion Planting

Plan your garden →

Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Algae-prone environments (excessive light or nutrient imbalance) Strong water current that may uproot the plant Plants requiring frequent trimming that may shade Anubias

Common Pests

  • Reduce light duration to 6-8 hours daily; improve water flow; increase water change frequency; manually remove algae; add algae-eating fish (otocinclus, Amano shrimp, nerite snails) or invertebrates (freshwater shrimp); avoid fertilizer excess

  • Ensure rhizome is never buried; improve water quality and circulation; remove affected portions with sterile tools; treat with hydrogen peroxide dips (3%) if severe; quarantine affected plants

  • Dose fertilizer appropriately (all-in-one liquid fertilizer 2-3x weekly); ensure macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Fe, B, Mn) are present; test water and adjust based on results; consider CO2 injection if deficiency persists

  • Reduce light to 6 hours daily; improve water circulation; do 50% water changes twice weekly; manually remove affected leaves; treat with glutaraldehyde-based algaecide (follow label directions); introduce SAE (Siamese Algae Eaters) or Amano shrimp if compatible with tank; adjust nutrient balance

  • Secure plant firmly to hardscape; avoid large herbivorous fish that uproot plants; choose compatible community fish and invertebrates

Uses

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Foreground & Accent Planting

Aquascaping

Anubias nana's compact, low-growing form makes it ideal for aquarium foreground placement, creating depth and visual interest. Its small heart-shaped leaves provide delicate texture in planted tank layouts and hardscape focal points. [source]

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Fish & Shrimp Habitat

Wildlife

Provides cover and resting areas for small fish, fry, and dwarf shrimp species. The dense leaf structure offers protective habitat that reduces stress and encourages natural behavior in community aquariums. [source]

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Low-Maintenance Aquarium Decoration

Household

Anubias nana is nearly indestructible and tolerates poor lighting, making it perfect for beginners and low-tech aquarium setups. Its slow growth rate means less frequent trimming and maintenance than fast-growing stem plants. [source]

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Paludarium & Terrarium Plant

Household

Beyond aquariums, Anubias nana thrives in paludariums (half-water, half-land environments) and humid terrariums. It tolerates both fully submerged and semi-aquatic conditions, offering versatility for nature-inspired displays. [source]

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Traditional African Ethnobotany

Medicinal

While primarily decorative, Anubias species have historical use in West African traditional medicine and ethnobotany. The plant is studied for bioactive compounds and environmental bioindicator properties. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Anubias nana is not harvested like a vegetable or herb; instead, propagate by dividing the rhizome. Once mature (6-12 months), carefully cut the rhizome into sections, ensuring each piece has 2-3 leaves. Tie or glue new sections to rock or driftwood and plant in the aquarium. New leaves will slowly emerge over weeks. Remove dead or yellowing leaves individually with scissors or tweezers to maintain plant appearance.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Anubias nana was named after the Egyptian god Anubis because its leaves resemble the sacred lotus in ancient Egyptian art, though it is native to West Africa, not Egypt.
  • 🌱 This plant grows so slowly that it can take 6-12 months to develop just a few new leaves, making patience essential for aquascapers; however, this slow growth rate means it requires minimal pruning and can thrive in neglected tanks where faster plants would fail.
  • 🌱 Anubias nana produces small, inconspicuous cream-colored flowers (spathe and spadix) in aquarium conditions, though blooming is rare; the plant can flower both underwater and when emersed (partially out of water) in humid environments.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

pH

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